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DOI: 10.1055/a-2452-0288
Review

Photon-Counting Detector CT: Advances and Clinical Applications in Cardiovascular Imaging

Article in several languages: English | deutsch
Muhammad Taha Hagar 
1   Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States (Ringgold ID: RIN2345)
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN88751)
,
Christopher L Schlett
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN88751)
,
Tim Oechsner
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN88751)
,
Akos Varga-Szemes
1   Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States (Ringgold ID: RIN2345)
,
Tilman Emrich
1   Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States (Ringgold ID: RIN2345)
3   Department of Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN39068)
,
Xiao Yan Chen
4   Computed Tomography, Siemens Healthineers AG, Forchheim, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN42406)
,
Dmitrij Kravchenko
1   Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States (Ringgold ID: RIN2345)
5   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN9374)
,
Giuseppe Tremamunno
1   Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States (Ringgold ID: RIN2345)
6   Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy (Ringgold ID: RIN9311)
,
Milán Vecsey-Nagy
1   Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States (Ringgold ID: RIN2345)
7   Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Ringgold ID: RIN37637)
,
Moises Felipe Molina-Fuentes
8   Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (Ringgold ID: RIN27243)
,
Tobias Krauss
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN88751)
,
Jana Taron
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN88751)
,
Christopher Schuppert 
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN88751)
,
Fabian Bamberg
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN88751)
,
Martin Soschynski
2   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN88751)
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Abstract

Background

Since the approval of the first dual-source photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) in the fall of 2021, significant insights have been gained in its application for cardiovascular imaging. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and the growing body of research literature, illustrating innovative applications and perspectives through case examples.

Method

We conducted a structured literature review, identifying relevant studies via Google Scholar and PubMed, using the keywords “photon-counting detector”, “cardiovascular CT”, “cardiac CT”, and “ultra-high-resolution CT”. We analyzed studies published since January 2015. Additionally, we integrated our own clinical experiences and case examples.

Results and Conclusions

In addition to the well-known benefit of increased temporal resolution offered by dual-source scanners, dual-source PCD-CT provides three key advantages: 1) Optimized geometric dose efficiency with an improved contrast-to-noise ratio, 2) intrinsic spectral sensitivity, and 3) the ability for ultrahigh-resolution CT. This technology enables improved image quality or radiation dose reduction in established cardiovascular protocols. Its use in non-invasive cardiac diagnostics for obese patients, those with a high plaque burden, or after stent implantation appears technically feasible, potentially expanding the scope of CT. The spectral sensitivity also allows tailored image acquisition, reducing metallic artifacts and contrast agent doses in patients with renal impairment. Early studies and clinical experience support these potential applications of PCD-CT in cardiovascular diagnostics, suggesting workflow optimization and improved patient management.

However, challenges remain, including high costs, large data volumes, somewhat longer reconstruction times, and technical difficulties in combining spectral sensitivity with ultra-high resolution. Prospective randomized studies with clinical endpoints are lacking to confirm the clear advantage over conventional scanners. Future research should focus on endpoint-based studies and robust cost-benefit analyses to evaluate the potential of this technology and facilitate its evidence-based integration in clinical practice.

Key Points

  • Photon-counting detector CT represents a technological advancement in computed tomography.

  • Spectral sensitivity enhances iodine signal and minimizes artifacts.

  • Ultra-high-resolution CT allows precise imaging, even in stents and advanced sclerosis.

  • This technology must be validated through endpoint-based, randomized studies.

Citation Format

  • Hagar MT, Schlett CL, Oechsner T et al. Photon-Counting Detector CT: Advances and Clinical Applications in Cardiovascular Imaging. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2452-0288

Keywords

photon-counting - cardiac - ultrasound computed tomography (US/CT) - vascular - heart - PCD-CT


Publication History

Received: 08 September 2024

Accepted after revision: 17 October 2024

Article published online:
20 November 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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