Download PDF
MSK – Muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie 2025; 29(01): 17-26
DOI: 10.1055/a-2452-1533
Schwerpunkt | Vertiefung

Vorbeugen ist besser als heilen: Präventionsstrategien für Arthrose

Sophie Felicitas Bacher
,
Jackie L. Whittaker
› Further Information
    Permissions and Reprints

Die Prävention von Arthrose trägt langfristig zu gesunden Gelenken bei. Je nach Situation ist die primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre Prävention die Methode der Wahl, um die individuelle und gesellschaftliche Belastung durch Arthrose zu beeinflussen. Für jede Präventionsstufe existieren evidenz- und konsensbasierte Empfehlungen.

Zusatzmaterial(englische Version)



Publication History

Article published online:
17 February 2025

© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 GBD 2021 Osteoarthritis Collaborators (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990–2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol 2023; 5: e508-e522
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Yu D, Jordan KP, Bedson J. et al. Population trends in the incidence and initial management of osteoarthritis: age-period-cohort analysis of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, 1992–2013. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56: 1902-1917
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. Lancet 2019; 393: 1745-1759
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Whittaker JL, Runhaar J, Bierma-Zeinstra S. et al. A lifespan approach to osteoarthritis prevention. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29: 1638-1653
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Wilfong JM, Perruccio AV, Badley EM. Examination of the Increased Risk for Falls Among Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Population-Based Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75: 2336-2344
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Safiri S, Kolahi A-A, Smith E. et al. Global, regional and national burden of osteoarthritis 1990-2017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79: 819-828
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Oo WM, Linklater J. Prevalence of osteoarthritis-related imaging abnormalities in asymptomatic healthy adults. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32: 1181-1183
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Bacon K, LaValley MP, Jafarzadeh SR. et al. Does cartilage loss cause pain in osteoarthritis and if so, how much?. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79: 1105-1110
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Oo WM, Hunter DJ. Disease modification in osteoarthritis: are we there yet?. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2019 120: 135-140 Epub 2019 Oct 15
  • 10 Cameron KL, Driban JB, Svoboda SJ. Osteoarthritis and the Tactical Athlete: A Systematic Review. J Athl Train 2016; 51: 952-961
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Yucesoy B, Charles LE, Baker B. et al. Occupational and genetic risk factors for osteoarthritis: A review. Work 2015; 50: 261-273
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Roos EM, Arden NK. Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12: 92-101
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Runhaar J, Zhang Y. Can we prevent OA? Epidemiology and public health insights and implications. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57 pp. iv3-iv9
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 NIH National Heart, Lung and Blood Insitute. We Can! (2013). Im Internet https://bit.ly/3PfjAYd Stand: 23.08.2024
  • 15 Currier BS, Mcleod JC, Banfield L. et al. Resistance training prescription for muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57: 1211-1220
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Crossley KM, Patterson BE, Culvenor AG. et al. Making football safer for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury prevention programmes in 11 773 female football (soccer) players. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54: 1089-1098
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Schill AL. Advancing Well-Being Through Total Worker Health® . Workplace Health Saf 2017; 65: 158-163
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Whittaker JL, Losciale JM, Juhl CB. et al. Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis after traumatic knee injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies for the OPTIKNEE Consensus. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56: 1406-1421
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Khanna D, Peltzer C, Kahar P. et al. Body Mass Index (BMI): a Screening Tool Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14: e22119
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Truong LK, Mosewich AD, Miciak M. et al. “I feel I’m leading the charge.” Experiences of a virtual physiotherapist-guided knee health program for persons at-risk of osteoarthritis after a sport-related knee injury. Osteoarthritis Cartil Open 2022; 5: 100333
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Losciale JM, Truong LK, Zhang K. et al. Assessing the efficacy of the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) program: A randomized delayed-controlled trial in persons at increased risk of early onset post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32: 1001-1012
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Wyke S, Hunt K, Gray CM. et al. Football Fans in Training (FFIT): a randomised controlled trial of a gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for men – end of study report. Public Health Research 2015; 3: 1-130
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Whittaker JL, Culvenor AG, Juhl CB. et al. OPTIKNEE 2022: consensus recommendations to optimise knee health after traumatic knee injury to prevent osteoarthritis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56: 1393-1405
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 GLA:D International. International Programs (2021). Im Internet https://bit.ly/4gOl5ID Stand: 17.08.2024
  • 25 Hughes SL, Tussing-Humphreys L, Schiffer L. et al. Fit & Strong! Plus Trial Outcomes for Obese Older Adults with Osteoarthritis. Gerontologist 2020; 60: 558-570
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, Kasza J. et al. Effects of a Self-directed Web-Based Strengthening Exercise and Physical Activity Program Supported by Automated Text Messages for People With Knee Osteoarthritis. JAMA Intern Med 2021; 181: 776-785
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Bowden JL, Hunter DJ, Deveza LA. et al. Core and adjunctive interventions for osteoarthritis: efficacy and models for implementation. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16: 434-447
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE. et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27: 1578-1589
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 29 Peng H, Ou A, Huang X. et al. Osteotomy Around the Knee: The Surgical Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Orthop Surg 2021; 13: 1465-1473
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Madry H. Surgical therapy in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30: 1019-1034
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Dijkshoorn H, Nierkens V, Nicolaou M. Risk groups for overweight and obesity among Turkish and Moroccan migrants in The Netherlands. Public Health 2008; 122: 625-630
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 O’Reilly JR, Reynolds RM. The risk of maternal obesity to the long-term health of the offspring. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf.) 2013; 78: 9-16
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Almarzooqi M, Nagy M. Childhood Obesity Intervention Programs: A Systematic Review. Life Science Journal 2011; 8: 45-60
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 34 Reyes C, Leyland KM, Peat G. et al. Association between Overweight and Obesity and Risk of Clinically Diagnosed Knee, Hip, and Hand Osteoarthritis: a Population-Based Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68: 1869-1875
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Bradley T, Campbell E, Dray J. et al. Systematic review of lifestyle interventions to improve weight, physical activity and diet among people with a mental health condition. Syst Rev 2022; 11: 198
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 World Health Organization. A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations. 2010 Im Internet https://bit.ly/4gHwXvY Stand: 24.08.2024
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 37 Binvignat M, Sellam J, Berenbaum F. et al. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20: 565-584
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Bliddal H, Leeds AR. Christensen R. Osteoarthritis, obesity and weight loss: evidence, hypotheses and horizons – a scoping review. Obes Rev 2014; 15: 578-586
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Faigenbaum AD, Rebullido TR, Peña J. et al. Resistance Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Dynapenia. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019; 1: 208-216
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Laurson KR, Saint-Maurice PF, Welk GJ. et al. Reference Curves for Field Tests of Musculoskeletal Fitness in U.S. Children and Adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31: 2075-2082
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Runhaar J, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. The Challenges in the Primary Prevention of Osteoarthritis. Clin Geriatr Med 2022; 38: 259-271
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F. et al. Sarcopenic obesity: A new category of obesity in the elderly. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18: 388-395
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Rolland Y, Lauwers-Cances V, Cristini C. et al. Difficulties with physical function associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic-obesity in community-dwelling elderly women: the EPIDOS (EPIDemiologie de l’OSteoporose) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1895-1900
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Kolle E. et al. Low Muscle Fitness Is Associated with Metabolic Risk in Youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41: 1361-1367
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Mcleod JC, Stokes T, Phillips SM. Resistance Exercise Training as a Primary Countermeasure to Age-Related Chronic Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10: 645
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 Silva NL, Oliveira RB, Fleck SJ. et al. Influence of strength training variables on strength gains in adults over 55 years-old: A meta-analysis of dose – response relationships. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17: 337-344
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Ratzlaff CR, Liang MH. New developments in osteoarthritis. Prevention of injury-related knee osteoarthritis: opportunities for the primary and secondary prevention of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: 215
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Padua DA, DiStefano LJ, Hewett TE. et al. National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Athl Train 2018; 53: 5-19
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 49 Theisen D, Malisoux L, Seil R. et al. Injuries in Youth Sports: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prevention. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin 2014; 65: 248-248
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 50 Jacobsson J, Timpka T. Classification of Prevention in Sports Medicine and Epidemiology. Sports Med 2015; 45: 1483-1487
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 51 Bolling C, van Mechelen W, Pasman HR. et al. Context Matters: Revisiting the First Step of the ‘Sequence of Prevention’ of Sports Injuries. Sports Med 2018; 48: 2227-2234
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 52 Teufer B, Ebenberger A, Affengruber L. et al. Evidence-based occupational health and safety interventions: a comprehensive overview of reviews. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e032528
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 53 Washmuth NB, McAfee AD, Bickel CS. Lifting techniques: Why are we not using evidence to optimize movement?. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17: 104-110
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 54 Aboulenain S, Saber AY. Primary Osteoarthritis. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 55 Raud B, Gay C, Guiguet-Auclair C. et al. Level of obesity is directly associated with the clinical and functional consequences of knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 3601
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 56 de Melo LR, Hunter D, Fortington L. et al. National Osteoarthritis Strategy brief report: Prevention of osteoarthritis. Aust J Gen Pract 2020; 49: 272-275
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 57 The Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland (ASOI). ASOI Adult Obesity Clinical Practice Guideline adaptation (ASOI version 1, 2022): Physical Activity in Obesity Management; by: Dunlevy C, Gregg E, Woods C, O’Malley G. Chapter adapted from: Boulé NG, Prud’homme D. A. Im Internet https://bit.ly/4fF0kxY Stand: 25.08.2024
  • 58 Kim JY. Optimal Diet Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30: 20-31
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 59 Øiestad BE, Juhl CB, Eitzen I. et al. Knee extensor muscle weakness is a risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23: 171-177
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 60 Loureiro A, Mills PM, Barrett RS. Muscle weakness in hip osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65: 340-352
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 61 Dominick KC, Jordan JM, Renner JB. et al. Relationship of radiographic and clinical variables to pinch and grip strength among individuals with osteoarthritis.. 52: 1424-1430
    CrossrefPubMed
  • 62 Larson ST, Wilbur J. Muscle Weakness in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician 2020; 101: 95-108
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 63 Tomlinson DJ, Erskine RM, Morse CI. et al. The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and structure through adolescence to old age. Biogerontology 2016; 17: 467-483
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 64 Thomas AC, Villwock M, Wojtys EM. et al. Lower Extremity Muscle Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction. J Athl Train 2013; 48: 610-620
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 65 Zeng CY, Zhang ZR, Tang ZM. et al. Benefits and Mechanisms of Exercise Training for Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2021; 12: 794062
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 66 Cinque ME, Dornan GJ, Chahla J. et al. High Rates of Osteoarthritis Develop After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery: An Analysis of 4108 Patients. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46: 2011-2019
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 67 Whittaker JL, Roos EM. A pragmatic approach to prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis after sport or exercise-related joint injury. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2019; 33: 158-171
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 68 Juhl C, Christensen R, Roos EM. et al. Impact of Exercise Type and Dose on Pain and Disability in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66: 622-636
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 69 Skou ST, Koes BW, Grønne DT. et al. Comparison of three sets of clinical classification criteria for knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study of 13,459 patients treated in primary care. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28: 167-172
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 70 Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center (2016). Osteoarthritis : Signs and Symptoms. Im Internet https://bit.ly/3BK0ypE Stand: 25.08.2024
  • 71 French SD, Bennell KL, Nicolson PJA. et al. What Do People With Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis Need to Know? An International Consensus List of Essential Statements for Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67: 809-816
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 72 Atukorala I, Makovey J, Lawler L. et al. Is There a Dose-Response Relationship Between Weight Loss and Symptom Improvement in Persons With Knee Osteoarthritis?. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68: 1106-1114
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 73 Felson DT. Weight and osteoarthritis. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63: 430S-432S
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 74 Barrow DR, Abbate LM, Paquette MR. et al. Exercise prescription for weight management in obese adults at risk for osteoarthritis: synthesis from a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20: 610
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 75 Zeng J, Franklin DK, Das A. et al. The effects of dietary patterns and food groups on symptomatic osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Nutr Diet 2023; 80: 21-43
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 76 Skou ST, Pedersen BK, Abbott JH. et al. Physical Activity and Exercise Therapy Benefit More Than Just Symptoms and Impairments in People With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018; 48: 439-447
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 77 Rannou F, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J. Efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs in the management of osteoarthritis: Evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 45: 18-21
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 78 Kijowski R. Risks and Benefits of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection for Treatment of Osteoarthritis: What Radiologists and Patients Need to Know. Radiology 2019; 293: 664-665
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 79 Stout A, Friedly J, Standaert CJ. Systemic Absorption and Side Effects of Locally Injected Glucocorticoids. PM R 2019; 11: 409-419
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 80 NICE (2022). Recommendations | Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline. Im Internet https://bit.ly/3BMbN0Y Stand: 29.08.2024
  • 81 Roos EM, Arden NK. Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12: 92-101
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 82 Schmucker AM, Hupert N, Mandl LA. The Impact of Frailty on Short-Term Outcomes After Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2019; 10: 2151459319835109
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 83 Rosadi R, Jankaew A, Wu PT. et al. Factors associated with falls in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101: e32146
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 84 Wilfong JM, Badley EM, Perruccio AV. Old before their time? The impact of osteoarthritis on younger adults. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2024; 76: 1400-1408
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 85 Bukowsky M, Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD. FUNdamental Integrative Training (FIT) for Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 2014; 85: 23-30
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 86 American College of Sports Medicine (2019). ACSM Guidelines for Strength Training. Im Internet https://bit.ly/49UOZZs Stand: 25.08.2024
  • 87 Coast Sport. Footy First. A training program to prevent leg injuries in community Australian Football. Im Internet https://bit.ly/3ZZ59wu Stand: 13.08.2024
  • 88 Obërtinca R, Meha R, Hoxha I. et al. Efficacy of a new injury prevention programme (FUNBALL) in young male football (soccer) players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58: 548-555
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 89 Bizzini M, Dvorak J. FIFA 11+: an effective programme to prevent football injuries in various player groups worldwide-a narrative review. Br J Sorts Med 2015; 49: 577-579
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 90 Vertullo C, Rawson B, Sattler H. POWERSTEP : A KNEE INJURY PREVENTION. Im Internet https://bit.ly/4gHzIgO Stand: 28.12.2024
  • 91 Netball Australia. The KNEE Program. Im Internet https://knee.netball.com.au/about/ Stand: 28.12.2024
  • 92 Bjerke W. Health and Fitness Programs for Firefighters. Strength and Conditioning Journal 2011; 33: 55-57
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 93 U.S. Department of Labor (n.d.). Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Im Internet https://bit.ly/4iNMf41 Stand: 25.08.2024
  • 94 Danielzik S, Pust S, Müller MJ. School-based interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in prepubertal children: process and 4-years outcome evaluation of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Acta Paediatr 2007; 96: 19-25
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 95 Berg S, Galm C, Klenk J. et al URMEL-ICE (Ulm Research on Metabolism, Exercise and Lifestyle Intervention in Children): Prävalenz von Übergewicht bei Ulmer Schulkindern – Veränderungen in 30 Jahren. Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2007; 32 – V04
    Thieme ConnectSearch in Google Scholar
  • 96 Graf C, Dordel S. Das CHILT-I-Projekt (Children’s Health InterventionaL Trial). Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung – Gesundheitsschutz 2011; 54: 313-321
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 97 World Obesity Federation. (2022). Austrian Obesity Association (AOA) / Österreichische Adipositas Gesellschaft. Im Internet https://bit.ly/4iPb9jT Stand: 17.08.2024
  • 98 Culvenor AG, West TJ, Bruder AM. et al. SUpervised exercise-therapy and Patient Education Rehabilitation (SUPER) versus minimal intervention for young adults at risk of knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: SUPER-Knee randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ open 2023; 13: e068279
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 99 Hughes SL, Seymour RB, Campbell RT. et al. Long-Term Impact of Fit and Strong! on Older Adults With Osteoarthritis. Gerontologist 2006; 46: 801-814
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 100 Tai Chi Foundation Inc. (2022). Tai Chi for Seasonal Arthritis. Im Internet https://bit.ly/3ZVveMG Stand: 25.08.2024
  • 101 AEA Aquatic Exercise Association (n.d.). Arthritis Foundation Programs. Im Internet https://bit.ly/3BX0H9c Stand: 25.08.2024
  • 102 NCOA National Council On Aging (2023). The AEA Arthritis Foundation Exercise Program. Im Internet https://bit.ly/3ZVa1lU Stand: 25.08.2024