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Semin Liver Dis
DOI: 10.1055/a-2494-2233
Review Article

Extracellular Vesicles and Micro-RNAs in Liver Disease

Alexander M. Washington
1   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
2   Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
,
Enis Kostallari
1   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
3   Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
› Author Affiliations Funding This study was supported by the NIH R01 DK136511, Mayo Clinic Center for Biomedical Discoveries, Gilead Liver Scholar award (to E.K.) and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences stipend (to A.M.W.).
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Abstract

Progression of liver disease is dependent on intercellular signaling, including those mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Within these EVs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are packaged to selectively silence gene expression in recipient cells for upregulating or downregulating a specific pathway. Injured hepatocytes secrete EV-associated miRNAs which can be taken up by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, immune cells, hepatic stellate cells, and other cell types. In addition, these recipient cells will secrete their own EV-associated miRNAs to propagate a response throughout the tissue and the circulation. In this review, we comment on the implications of EV-miRNAs in the progression of alcohol-associated liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, viral and parasitic infections, liver fibrosis, and liver malignancies. We summarize how circulating miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and the potential of utilizing EVs and miRNAs as therapeutic methods to treat liver disease.

Keywords

liver disease - EVs - miRNA - therapeutics - biomarkers

Author Contribution

E.K. conceived and supervised the study; A.W. and E.K. wrote and revised the manuscript.




Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
03 December 2024

Article published online:
24 December 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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