Bewegungsblockaden bei Parkinsonsyndromen

Zusammenfassung

Eine der größten therapeutischen Herausforderungen bei Menschen mit fortgeschrittenen Parkinson-Syndromen sind motorische Blockaden bzw. das Freezing-Phänomen, dessen bekanntester Vertreter wohl das Gangfreezing ist. Dabei reicht die Wahrnehmung und Konzeption von motorischen Blockaden von einer Kolibristörung bis hin zum Kardinalsymptom der Parkinsonkrankheit. Der vorliegende Artikel macht sich die Mühe, diese Konzeption motorischer Blockaden bis zu den ersten Gedanken von Parkinson selbst zurück und dann im Verlauf der Geschichte weiter zu verfolgen. Es geht uns darum, zu zeigen und ein Verständnis dafür zu wecken, dass es sich bei motorischen Blockaden um einen zentralen Aspekt der Phänomenologie von Parkinson-Syndromen handelt. Pathophysiologische Grundlagen werden in ihren anerkannten klinischen Aspekten berührt, ebenso wie die klinische und forschende Erfassung. Schließlich werden sowohl die wichtigsten pharmakotherapeutischen als auch die physiotherapeutischen Ansätze in ihren Grundzügen dem Leser vorgestellt.

Abstract

One of the greatest therapeutic challenges for people with advanced Parkinson’s syndromes are motor blockades or the freezing phenomenon, the best-known representative of which is probably gait freezing. The perception and conceptualization of motor blockades ranges from a hummingbird disorder to the cardinal symptom of Parkinson’s disease. This article takes the trouble to trace this concept of motor blockades back to the first thoughts of Parkinson himself and then further in the course of history. It is also our aim to show and create an understanding of the fact that motor blockades are a central aspect of the phenomenology of Parkinson’s syndromes. Pathophysiological principles will be touched upon in their recognized clinical aspects, as well as clinical and research assessment. Finally, the most important pharmacotherapeutic and physiotherapeutic approaches are presented to the reader in their basic features.

Schlüsselwörter

Parkinson - Parkinsonkrankheit - progressive supranukleäre Paralyse - Gang - motorische Blockaden - Geschichte - Freezing

Keywords

Parkinson’s disease - progressive supranuclear paralysis - gait - motor blocks - freezing of gait - history

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