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Thromb Haemost 2026; 126(02): 136-145
DOI: 10.1055/a-2572-1170
Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

Implications of Soluble C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor 2 Levels in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated with Thrombosis

Authors

  • Hideo Wada

    1   Department of General Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Katsuya Shiraki

    1   Department of General Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Yuhuko Ichikawa

    2   Department of Central Laboratory, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Nobuo Ito

    3   Department of Neurology, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Hidekazu Inoue

    4   Department of Gastroenterology, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Isao Moritani

    4   Department of Gastroenterology, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Jun Masuda

    5   Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Akitaka Yamamoto

    6   Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Masaki Tomida

    6   Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Masamichi Yoshida

    7   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

  • Masahide Kawamura

    8   IVD Division, PHC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

  • Motomu Shimaoka

    9   Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan

  • Toshiaki Iba

    10   Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  • Hideto Shimpo

    11   Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan

Funding This research was funded by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan (21FC1008).
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often associated with thrombosis. Elevated levels of soluble C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (sCLEC-2), a biomarker for platelet activation, have been reported in COVID-19. Therefore, we examined the behavior of sCLEC-2 levels and their relationship with thrombosis.

Methods

The clinical course of inflammatory and thrombotic biomarkers was assessed in 271 patients with COVID-19.

Results

Inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and presepsin levels were significantly increased in patients with COVID-19, and these behaviors differed among the clinical course or stages. The plasma D-dimer levels increased slightly and gradually. Platelet counts were within the normal range, and plasma sCLEC-2 levels were markedly increased in most patients with COVID-19. There were 17 patients with thrombosis in this study. Although there was no significant difference in various biomarkers between COVID-19 patients with and without thrombosis, the super formula of sCLEC-2xD-dimer/platelet count in patients with thrombosis was significantly higher than in those without thrombosis. Furthermore, this super formula was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with severe or critical illness than in those with mild or moderate illness.

Conclusion

Elevation of the super formula of sCLEC-2xD-dimer/platelet count was associated with the thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 suggesting the thrombosis in COVID-19 may be caused by the development of microthrombosis.

Keywords

COVID-19 - sCLEC-2 - severity - clinical course - microthrombosis


Publication History

Received: 10 February 2025

Accepted: 01 April 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
02 April 2025

Article published online:
29 April 2025

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