Ernährung während der Therapie von hämatologischen Patienten mit ausgeprägter Immunschwäche

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit Erkrankungs- oder Therapie-bedingter Immunsuppression haben ein hohes Risiko für lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen auch durch die Ernährung: durch eine bestehende oder sich durch die Behandlung ausbildende Mangelernährung und durch mögliche lebensmittelbedingte Infektionen. Ernährungstherapeuten sollten frühzeitig hinzugezogen werden und den Patienten regelmäßig und langfristig begleiten. Die Auswahl der Nahrungsmittel ist nicht mehr so bedeutend wie die Lebensmittel-/ Küchenhygiene, wobei die Beeinflussung des Darmmikrobioms durch die Ernährung noch weiterer Untersuchungen bedarf. Eine frühe Ernährungstherapie in Kombination mit Bewegungstherapie ist essentiell, um die Lebensqualität und Prognose von Patienten mit den hier diskutieren Erkrankungen und Therapien zu verbessern.

Abstract

Hematological patients with intensive immunodeficiency have two main nutritional problems: malnutrition and food-borne infections. After diagnosis malnutrition should be addressed with intensive nutritional counselling and early initiation of oral, enteral, or parenteral nutrition. To avoid infections food and kitchen hygiene are most important in prevention. Nutrition and the gut microbiome are discussed as well special situation after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Early nutrition intervention in combination with exercise therapy is essential to improve quality of life and outcome in the discussed diagnoses and procedures.

Schlüsselwörter

Ernährung - Infektgefahr - Immunsuppression - Stammzelltransplantation

Keywords

nutrition - immunodeficiency - stemcelltransplantation - infection

Publication History

Received: 09 March 2025

Accepted: 27 April 2025

Article published online:
05 December 2025

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