Novel Extensions of the tert-Amino Effect: Formation of Phenanthridines and Diarene-Fused Azocines from ortho-ortho′-Functionalized Biaryls

Abstract

Phenanthridines and azocines fused to two benzene rings or one benzene and one pyridazinone ring, which are otherwise difficult to access, were prepared via two new extensions of the tert-amino effect. The synthetic pathway includes three steps: i) Suzuki reaction of an ortho-functionalized phenylboronic acid with ortho-disubstituted benzenes or pyridazinones; ii) the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of the biaryl aldehydes formed with active methylene compounds to obtain vinyl derivatives or, through their cyclization, phenanthridines via a tert-amino effect; and iii) thermal isomerization of vinyl or phenanthridinium compounds to fused azocines via another type of tert-amino effect.

tert-amino effect - dibenzazocines - pyridazinobenzazocines - nonbonding interactions - Suzuki reaction

References and Notes

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The X-ray data are available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre CCDC under the numbers 692718-692722 for 7b, 13a, 16c, 19a, and 23a, respectively. Copies of the data can be obtained free of charge on application to CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; fax: [phone] or e-mail: deposit @ccdc.cam.ac.uk. The details of the X-ray structures will be published elsewhere.

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Dunkel, P.; Földi, Á. A.; Mátyus, P. unpublished results.

<A NAME="RG22808ST-15">15</A>

The experimental details are available in the Supporting Information.