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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185697
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Stumpfbildung nach traumatischer Fußamputation beim Kind – Beschreibung eines neuen Operationsverfahrens und Literaturrecherche von Rasenmäherunfällen
Stump Forming after Traumatic Foot Amputation of a Child – Description of a New Surgical Procedure and Literature Review of Lawnmower AccidentsPublication History
Publication Date:
19 August 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Amputationsverletzungen im Kindesalter haben als Ursache neben Verkehrs- und landwirtschaftlichen Unfällen vor allem Rasenmäherunfälle. Die Therapie der durch Rasenmäher hervorgerufenen Verletzungen wird häufig durch ausgedehnte Wundkontamination, avaskuläres Gewebe, Weichteildefektwunden sowie freiliegende Knochen kompliziert. Es existieren viele Therapieansätze und oft ist eine adäquate Prothesenversorgung für die Rehabilitation notwendig. Wir berichten über einen 8-jährigen Jungen, der mit seiner rechten unteren Extremität unter einen Aufsitzrasenmäher geraten war und sich dabei eine subtotale Amputation des rechten Fußes zugezogen hatte. Nach einer Primäroperation war im Verlauf eine Amputation notwendig. Für deren Durchführung war zu beachten, dass sich – nach traumatischem Verlust des Talus und Kalkaneus sowie Teilen des Os cuboideum – eine Beinverkürzung rechts ergeben und bisher intakte Metatarsalia und Fußwurzelknochen geopfert werden würden. Daher ersannen wir eine neuartige Operation mit dem Ziel der Optimierung der Stumpflänge sowie Erhalt von Fußwurzelknochen und der Wachstumsmöglichkeit des Stumpfes. Methode: In dieser Operation bezogen wir bisher unversehrte Fußwurzel- und Mittelfußknochen in die Stumpfbildung mit ein. Zuerst wurde eine Lisfranc-Amputation des Vorfußes durchgeführt und ein Metatarsale aufbewahrt. Der Talus, der Kalkaneus sowie das Kuboid waren zum Großteil zerstört und wurden entfernt. Die verbliebenen Ossa cuneiformia wurden mit dem genuteten Os metatarsale im Sinne einer Fußwurzelarthrodese quer verbunden und die proximalen Gelenkflächen entknorpelt. Das Os naviculare wurde kranial und kaudal, die Tibiagelenkfläche distal entknorpelt und dann mittels gekreuzter Kirschner-Drähte eine Arthrodese der distalen Tibiagelenkfläche und des Os naviculare durchgeführt sowie abschließend die Reihe der Ossa cuneiformia dem Os naviculare unterstellt. Der Stumpf wurde mittels Haut- und Muskellappen sowie Spalthaut gedeckt. Ergebnis: Der Patient konnte am 34. posttraumatischen Tag entlassen werden und ein Laufen mit flüssigem Gangbild ohne Unterarmgehstützen sowie sportliche Betätigung waren bereits 6 œ Monate nach dem Unfall wieder möglich. Schlussfolgerung: Durch unsere Art der Stumpfbildung hoffen wir, einige Komplikationen nach Amputationsverletzung verhindern zu können. Insbesondere soll durch das Vorhandensein intakter Epiphysen ein überschießendes Knochenwachstum verhindert, ein Stumpfwachstum möglich und durch das Unterstellen der Fußwurzelknochen die Beinlängendifferenz minimiert werden.
Abstract
Aim: Amputation injuries in children occur in motor vehicle, farming and, importantly, lawn mower accidents. Treatment of lawn mower related injuries is complicated by gross wound contamination, avascular tissue, soft tissue defects and exposed bone. Many treatment options exist and often an adequate prosthetic supply is needed for rehabilitation. We report on an 8-year old boy who got under a ride-on lawn mower and sustained a subtotal amputation of his right foot. After initial surgery an amputation was subsequently necessary. For this, it had to be taken into account that the traumatic loss of the talus, calcaneus and parts of the cuboid bone would result in a length shortening of the right leg and so far not injured metatarsal and tarsal bones had to be sacrificed. Thus, we aimed to develop a new operation technique to optimize stump length as well as preserve tarsal bones and the possibility of limb growth. Method: In order to achieve this, we performed a new stump forming operation in which we integrated uninjured tarsal and metatarsal bones. First a Lisfranc's amputation was performed and a metatarsal bone was kept aside. The talus, calcaneus as well as the cuboid bone were either completely or almost completely destroyed and were removed. The remaining cuneiform bones were transfixed by a notched metatarsal bone, thus achieving a tarsal arthrodesis, and the cartilages of the proximal joint surfaces were removed. The cartilage of the cranial and caudal navicular as well as the distal tibial joint surface was also removed and an arthrodesis between the distal tibia and the navicular bone was achieved by crossed Kirschner wires. Finally the cuneiform bones were placed inferior to the navicular bone. Further stump coverage was managed by skin and muscle flaps as well as split skin graft. Result: Our patient was discharged on day 34. A fluent gait without crutches as well as sports activities were possible again as early as 6 œ months after the injury. Conclusion: Using our stump forming technique we hope to prevent some complications of amputation injuries. Because of the intact epiphysis a bone overgrowth is hopefully prevented and growth potential is preserved and by inclusion of tarsal and metatarsal bones in the stump formation a length discrepancy is minimized.
Schlüsselwörter
Amputation - Kind - Operationsverfahren
Key words
amputation - child - operation
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Dr. Joerg Bayer
Department für Orthopädie und Traumatologie
Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Hugstetter Straße 55
79106 Freiburg
Phone: 07 61/2 70-24 01
Fax: 07 61/2 70-25 20
Email: joerg.bayer@uniklinik-freiburg.de