Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren bei Adipositas und Metabolischem Syndrom

Zusammenfassung

Die Ursachen der Adipositas werden meist einer genetischen Prädisposition oder pauschal einem Lebensstil mit Bewegungsmangel sowie Fehl- bzw. Überernährung zugeschrieben. Diese Übersicht verweist auf neuere Untersuchungen, die psychosoziale Risikofaktoren dieses Lebensstils und damit der Adipositas genauer herausarbeiten. Hier sind weitere so genannte adipogene Umweltfaktoren zu nennen, aber auch Mechanismen einer „fetalen Programmierung”, frühe Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit, Verlustereignisse, chronischer Stress am Arbeitsplatz und depressive Episoden, die oft einhergehen mit Schlafmangel, Bewegungsarmut, sozialem Rückzug und einem stresstypischen Essverhalten, das auch der Affektregulation dient. Meist ist die erhöhte psychische Komorbidität adipöser Personen Folge einer mit der Adipositas verbundenen stärkeren psychosozialen Belastung.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipositas - Metabolisches Syndrom - psychosoziale Risikofaktoren - Stress - Binge-Eating-Störung

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