Download PDF
pferde spiegel 2010; 13(4): 154-160
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250467
fachspiegel

© Enke Verlag in MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG

Management von Zwillingsträchtigkeiten bei der Stute

Management of equine twin pregnanciesJutta Klewitz, Frauke Uhlendorf, Florian Geburek, Florian Ortgies, Harald Sieme
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
15 December 2010 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints All articles of this category

Summary

Twin pregnancies in the mare usually lead to abortion, stillbirth or the delivery of weak foals. For this reason different reduction methods are applied in studfarm practice. During the early pregnancy manual crushing of one embryo is the most successful therapy with high survival rates of the remaining embryo. Depending on gestation length and the localisation of twins dietary manipulation, transvaginal ultrasound-guided twin reduction, surgical removal of one conceptus, craniocervical dislocation, placenta ablation, transabdominal ultrasound-guided twin reduction and induction of abortion are used to reduce twin pregnancies. This review article describes the factors influencing the occurrence of twins in the mare, the procedures and the success rates of different reduction methods.

Key words

mare - pregnancy - twins - ultrasound - twin reduction

Literaturverzeichnis als PDF

Literatur

  • 1 Allen W R, Brown L, Wright M, Wilsher S. Reproductive efficiency of Flatrace and National Hunt Thoroughbred mares and stallions in England.  Equine Vet J. 2007;  39 438-445
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Becker F, Göllnitz K, Kleinpeter A, Neubauer J, Keindorf H J, Nürnberg G, Kanitz W. Untersuchungen zur transvaginalen ultrasonographisch geleiteten Reduktion von Zwillingsträchtigkeiten bei der Stute.  Pferdeheilkunde. 2006;  22 165-168
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 3 Bowman T. Ultrasonic diagnosis and management of early twins in the mare.  Proc Am Ass Equine Practnrs. 1986;  32 35-43
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 4 Bracher V, Parlevliet J M, Pieterse M C, Vos P L A M, Wiemer P, Taverne M A M, Colenbrander B. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided twin reduction in the mare.  Vet Rec. 1993;  133 478-479
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Davies Morel M C, Newcombe J R. The efficacy of different hCG dose rates and the effect of hCG treatment on ovarian activity: ovulation, multiple ovulation, pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, synchrony of multiple ovulation; in the mare.  Anim Reprod Sci. 2008;  109 189-199
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Frazer G S. Twins.. Current Therapy in Equine Medicine 5.. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 2003: 245-248
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Giles R, Donahue J, Hong C, Tuttle P, Petrites-Murphy M, Poonacha K, Roberts A, Tramontin R, Smith B, Swerczek T. Causes of abortion, stillbirth and perinatal death in horses: 3527 cases(1986–1991).  J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993;  8 1170-1175
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 8 Ginther O J. Reproductive Biology in the Mare.. Cross Plains (WI): Equiservices; 1979
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 9 Ginther O J. Twinning in mares: a review of recent studies.  J Equine Vet Sci. 1982;  2 127-135
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Ginther O J. Effect of reproductive status on twinning and on side of ovulation and embryo attachment in mares.  Theriogenology. 1983;  20 383-395
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Ginther O J. Postfixation embryo reduction in unilateral and bilateral twins in mares.  Theriogenology. 1984;  22 213-223
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Ginther O J. The nature of embryo reductions in mares with twin conceptuses: deprivation hypothesis.  Am J Vet Res. 1989;  50 45-53
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 13 Ginther O J, Douglas R H, Lawrence J R. Twinning in mares: a survey of veterinarians ans analyses of theriogenology records.  Theriogenology. 1982;  18 333-347
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Ginther O J, Griffin P. Natural outcome and ultrasonic identification of equine fetal twins.  Theriogenology. 1994;  41 1193-1199
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Govaere J L J, Hoogewijs M K, De Schauwer C, Dewulf J, De Kruif A. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of unilateral twin gestation in the mare.  Equine Vet J. 2008;  40 521-522
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Govaere J J L, Hoogewijs M K, De Schauwer C, Van Zeveren A, Smits K, Cornillie P, De Kruif A. An abortion of monozygotic twins in a Warmblood mare.  Reprod Dom Anim. 2009;  44 852-854
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Hoffmann B, Leiser R, Schuler G. Physiologie und Anatomie der Trächtigkeit, Trächtigkeitsdiagnostik.. Reproduktionsmedizin beim Pferd.. Stuttgart: Parey; 2009: 125-154
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 18 Jeffcott L B, Whitwell K W. Twinning as a cause of neonatal loss in the Thoroughbred.  J Comp Pathol. 1973;  83 91-105
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Jonker F, Parlevliet J, Pycock J, Vos P. Twin reduction in sixteen mares by transvaginal ultrasound-guided puncture of the embryonic vesicle. Proc Brit Eq Vet Assoc Annual Congress 1995
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 20 Klewitz J, Heberling A, Ortgies F, Sieme H. Erfolgsraten nach Zwillingsreduktion mittels transvaginal-ultraschallgeleiteter Fruchtwasseraspiration und transrektaler craniocervikaler Dislokation. 21. Arbeitstagung FG Pferdekrankheiten 2010
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 21 Klewitz J, Heberling A, Ortgies F, Sieme H. Erfolgsraten nach transvaginal-ultraschallgeleiteter Fruchtwasseraspiration und fetaler Punktion bei der Stute.  Pferdeheilkunde. 2010;  im Druck
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 22 LeBlanc M, Lopate C, Knottenbelt D. Pregnancy.. Equine Stud Farm Medicine and Surgery.. London: W. B. Saunders; 2003: 263
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 23 MacPherson M I, Reimers J M. Twin reduction in the mare: current options.  Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;  60–61 233-244
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 24 Mari G, Iacono E, Merlo B, Castagnetti C. Reduction of twin pregnancy in the mare by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration.  Reprod Domest Anim. 2004;  39 434-437
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 McKinnon A O. Twin reduction techniques.. Current Therapy in Equine Reproduction.. St. Louis: W. B. Saunders; 2007: 357-373
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 McKinnon A O, Rantanen N. Twins.. Equine Diagnostic Ultrasonography.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998: 141-156
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 27 Meadows S J, Binns M M, Newcombe J R, Thompson C J, Rossdale P D. Identical triplets in a Thoroughbred mare.  Equine Vet J. 1995;  27 394-397
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Merkt H, Jungnickel S, Klug E. Reduction of early twin pregnancy to a single pregnancy in the mare by dietetic means.  J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1982;  32 451-452
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 29 Merkt H, Jöchle W. Abortions and twin pregnancies in the Thoroughbreds: rate of occurrence, treatments and prevention.  J Equine Vet Sci. 1993;  13 690-694
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Merkt H, Jöchle W. More twin pregnancies as seasons progresses.  J Equine Vet Sci. 1999;  15 614-617
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 31 Morris L H A, Greenwood R E S, Allen W R. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided reduction of twin conceptusses in the mare.  Proc Int Conf Equine Reprod. 1999;  15 614-617
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 32 Pascoe R R. Methods for the treatment of twin pregnancy in the mare.  Equine Vet J. 1983;  15 40-42
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Pascoe D R, Pascoe R R, Hughes J P, Stabenfeld G H, Kindahl H. Management of twin conceptusses by manual embryonic reduction: comparison of two techniques and three hormone treatments.  Am J Vet Res. 1987;  48 1594-1599
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 34 Pascoe D R, Stover S M. Effect of surgical manipulation, placental fluid and flunixin meglumine on fetal viability and prostaglandin F2α release on the gravid uterus of mares.  Am J Vet Res. 1989;  50 1505-1511
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 35 Platt H. Etiological aspects of perinatal mortality in the Thoroughbred.  Equine Vet J. 1983;  5 116-120
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Rantanen N. Ultrasound guided fetal cardiac puncture for twin reduction in mares.  Proc Am Med Soc Therio. 1990;  64-65
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 37 Rantanen N W, Kincaid B. Ultrasound guided fetal cardiac puncture. A method of twin reduction in the mare.  Proc Am Assoc Equine Prctnrs. 1988;  34 173-179
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 38 Ricketts S, Barrelet A, Whitwell K E. Equine abortion.. Reproduction Foaling. Part 2: Fetal and Neonatal Aspects, EVE manual.. Newmarket: Veterinary Journal; 2003: 18-21
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 39 Riera F L, Roldán J E, Hinrichs K. Patterns of embryo recovery in mares with unilateral and bilateral double ovulations.  Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;  94 398-399
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Rooney J R. The fetus and foal.. Autopsy of the Horse.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1970: 120-134
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 41 Squires E L, McClain M G, Ginther O J, McKinnon A O. Spontaneus multiple ovulation in the mare and its effects on the incidence of twin embryo collections.  Theriogenology. 1987;  28 609-613
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Veronesi M C, Battocchio M, Faustini M, Gandini M, Cairoli F. Relationship between pharmacological induction of estrous and/or ovulation and twin pregnancy in the Thoroughbred mares.  Domest Anim Endocr. 2003;  25 133-140
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 43 Veronesi M C, Faustini M, Villani M, Kindahl H, Galeati G, Batocchio M. Plasma concentrations of 15-Ketodihydro- PGF2α, cortisol and progesterone during manual twin reduction in Thoroughbred mares.  J Vet Med. 2005;  52 411-415
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Wolc A, Bresinska A, Szwaczjowski T. Genetic and permanent environmental variability of twinning in Thoroughbred horses estimated via three threshold models.  J Anim Breeding Genetics. 2006;  123 186-190
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 45 Wolfsdorf K E. Management of postfixation twins in mares.  Vet Clin N Am Practnrs. 2006;  22 713-725
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 46 Wolfsdorf K E, Rodgerson D, Holder R. How to manually reduce twins between 60 and 120 days gestation using cranio-cervical dislocation.  Proc Am Ass Equine Practnrs. 2005;  51 284-287
    Search in Google Scholar

Dr. Jutta Klewitz

Klinik für Pferde
Reproduktionsmedizinische Einheit der Kliniken
Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

Bünteweg 15

30559 Hannover

Email: jutta.klewitz@tiho-hannover.de