Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1253499
African-American Rhinoplasty
Publication History
Publication Date:
04 May 2010 (online)
ABSTRACT
Increased width, loss of definition, and lack of projection characterize the stereotypical African-American nose. Early rhinoplasty surgeons attempted strict adherence to neoclassical aesthetic ideals. However, in reality, the anatomy and aesthetic desires of these patients are much more complex. Building dorsal height, achieving nasal tip definition amidst thick skin, and producing a more aesthetically pleasing alar base are the major challenges. Surgical planning should be sensitive to both individual and cultural differences in aesthetic perception and expectations. Here we describe the techniques used by the senior author (R.W.H.K.).
KEYWORDS
African American - black - platyrrhine - rhinoplasty - nose
REFERENCES
- 1 United States Census Bureau .QT-P5. Race Alone or in Combination: 2000. Available at: http://factfinder.census.gov Accessed December 1, 2009
- 2 AAFPRS .2008 Statistics on Trends in Facial Plastic Surgery. Available at: http://www.aafprs.org/media/stats_polls/m_stats.html Accessed December 1, 2009
- 3 Ofodile F A, Bokhari F J, Ellis C. The black American nose. Ann Plast Surg. 1993; 31 209-218 discussion 218-219
- 4 Falces E, Wesser D, Gorney M. Cosmetic surgery of the non-caucasian nose. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1970; 45 317-325
- 5 Bernstein L. Rhinoplasty for the Negroid nose. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1975; 8 783-795
- 6 Kabaker S S. An approach to aesthetic rhinoplasty in the non-caucasian nose. Arch Otolaryngol. 1977; 103 461-467
- 7 Flowers R S. The surgical correction of the non-Caucasian nose. Clin Plast Surg. 1977; 4 69-87
- 8 Baker H L. Anatomical and profile analysis of the female black American nose. J Natl Med Assoc. 1989; 81 1169-1175
- 9 Matory Jr W E, Falces E. Non-Caucasian rhinoplasty: a 16-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986; 77 239-252
- 10 Ofodile F A. Nasal bones and pyriform apertures in blacks. Ann Plast Surg. 1994; 32 21-26
- 11 Ofodile F A, James E A. Anatomy of alar cartilages in blacks. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997; 100 699-703
- 12 Calhoun K H, House W, Hokanson J A, Quinn F B. Normal nasal airway resistance in noses of different sizes and shapes. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990; 103 605-609
- 13 Ohki M, Naito K, Cole P. Dimensions and resistances of the human nose: racial differences. Laryngoscope. 1991; 101 276-278
- 14 Bernstein L. Esthetics in rhinoplasty. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1975; 8 705-715
- 15 Martin J G. Racial ethnocentrism and judgment of beauty. J Soc Psychol. 1964; 63 59-63
- 16 Ofodile F A. Rhinoplasty in blacks: the Michael Jackson factor. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1984; 74 846
- 17 Slupchynskyj O, Gieniusz M. Rhinoplasty for African American patients: a retrospective review of 75 cases. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2008; 10 232-236
- 18 Porter J P, Olson K L. Analysis of the African American female nose. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003; 111 620-626 discussion 627-628
- 19 Davis R E. Rhinoplasty and concepts of facial beauty. Facial Plast Surg. 2006; 22 198-203
- 20 Kridel R WH, Szachowicz II E H. Non-Caucasian rhinoplasty with the open approach. Facial Plast Surg. 1988; 5 179-187
- 21 Ofodile F, Bokhari F J. Columella incision in open rhinoplasty in blacks. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992; 89 991-992
- 22 Stucker Jr F J. Non-caucasian rhinoplasty and adjunctive reduction cheiloplasty. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1987; 20 877-894
- 23 Romo III T, Shapiro A L. Aesthetic reconstruction of the platyrrhine nose. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992; 118 837-841
- 24 Kridel R WH, Ashoori F, Liu E S, Hart C G. Long-term use and follow-up of irradiated homologous costal cartilage grafts in the nose. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2009; 11 378-394
- 25 Song C, Mackay D R, Chait L A, Manders E K, Kelly M A. Use of costal cartilage cantilever grafts in negroid rhinoplasties. Ann Plast Surg. 1991; 27 201-209
- 26 Hubbard T J. Bridge narrowing in ethnic noses. Ann Plast Surg. 1998; 40 214-218
- 27 Rohrich R J, Muzaffar A R. Rhinoplasty in the African-American patient. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003; 111 1322-1339 discussion 1340-1341
- 28 Wang T D. Non-Caucasian rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg. 2003; 19 247-256
- 29 Kridel R W, Konior R J, Shumrick K A, Wright W K. Advances in nasal tip surgery. The lateral crural steal. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989; 115 1206-1212
- 30 Kridel R W, Castellano R D. A simplified approach to alar base reduction: a review of 124 patients over 20 years. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2005; 7 81-93
- 31 Hanasono M M, Kridel R W, Pastorek N J, Glasgold M J, Koch R J. Correction of the soft tissue pollybeak using triamcinolone injection. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2002; 4 26-30 discussion 31
Russell W.H KridelM.D. F.A.C.S.
Private Practice, Facial Plastic Surgery Associates
6655 Travis, Suite 900, Houston, TX 77030
Email: rkridel@todaysface.com