Zusammenfassung
Die chronische Herzinsuffizienz gehört zu den häufigsten
Todesursachen in westlichen Ländern. Bei der Herzinsuffizienz
mit erhaltener Ejektionsfraktion konnte bisher durch keine Studie
eine Abnahme der Sterblichkeit oder Morbidität belegt werden.
Bei systolischer Herzinsuffizienz hingegen wurde in den letzten
Jahren durch Medikamente und Geräte die Prognose verbessert.
Seit Verfassung der letzten Therapieleitlinien für die
Herzinsuffizienz sind weitere Ergebnisse publiziert worden, die
in der Behandlung berücksichtigt werden sollten. Die Gabe
von niedrig dosierten Aldosteronantagonisten zusätzlich
zu ACE-Hemmern und Betablockern vermindert bei hochgradig eingeschränkter
Pumpfunktion bereits im NYHA-Stadium II die Sterblichkeit und die
Zahl der Krankenhausaufnahmen. Bei der Therapie muss auf Hyperkaliämien
geachtet werden. Eine Ruheherzfrequenz über 70/min
ist bei systolischer Herzinsuffizienz ein unabhängiger
Risikofaktor. Persistiert diese hohe Herzfrequenz trotz maximal tolerierter
Betablockerdosis, können durch zusätzliche Einnahme
von Ivabradin zur isolierten Herzfrequenzsenkung Krankenhauseinweisungen
wegen Verschlechterung der Herzinsuffizienz vermindert werden. Ein
Eisenmangel sollte zur Verbesserung der Symptomatik und Belastbarkeit unabhängig
vom Vorliegen einer Anämie ausgeglichen werden. Bei hochgradig
eingeschränkter Pumpfunktion (Ejektionsfraktion < 30 %)
und einer QRS-Komplexbreite ≥ 150 ms
ist bereits bei milden Symptomen eine kardiale Resynchronisationstherapie
(CRT) zur Vermeidung von Hospitalisationen zu erwägen.
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is one of the most common causes of death
in western countries. For heart failure with preserved systolic
function thus far no reduction of mortality or morbidity could be
demonstrated in clinical trials. Conversely, prognosis of systolic
heart failure has been improved by the introduction of various drugs
and devices in recent years. Since the publication of the latest
heart failure guidelines, additional results from clinical studies
have been obtained, which should be considered in patient treatment.
In patients with severe systolic dysfunction the addition of low
dose aldosterone antagonists to an ACE inhibitor and betablocker
reduced mortality and hospitalizations already in functional class
NYHA II. A resting heart rate above 70 bpm is an independent risk
factor in systolic heart failure. If this high heart rate persists
despite the maximal tolerated betablocker dose, isolated heart rate
reduction by ivabradine may lower the rate of hospital admissions
due to worsening heart failure. Iron deficiency should be substituted
independently of the presence of anemia to improve symptoms and exercise
capacity. In patients with severe systolic dysfunction (ejection
fraction < 30 %) and
a wide QRS complex ≥ 150 ms cardiac resynchronization
therapy (CRT) may be considered even when only mild symptoms are
present to reduce hospitalizations.
Schlüsselwörter
Herzinsuffizienz - Therapie - Aldosteronantagonist - Ivabradin - Resynchronisation - Anämie
Keywords
heart failure - therapy - aldosteron antagonist - ivabradine - resynchronization - anemia
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Prof. Dr. med. Uta C. Hoppe
Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität
zu Köln
Kerpener Straße 62
50937
Köln
Telefon: 0221/478 32396
Fax: 0221/478 32397
eMail: Uta.Hoppe@uni-koeln.de