Zusammenfassung
Die membranöse Glomerulonephritis (MGN) ist die häufigste
Ursache eines nephrotischen Syndroms im Erwachsenenalter. Die MGN
ist eine Autoimmun-erkrankung, die durch die Bindung von zirkulierenden
Autoantikörpern an die glomeruläre Filtrationsbarriere
entsteht. Die klinische Symptomatik variiert zwischen geringer Proteinurie
und schwerstem nephrotischen Syndrom mit monströsen Flüssigkeitseinlagerungen, nicht
beherrschbarer Hyperlipidämie und gesteigerter Infektionsneigung.
Bei einem Drittel aller Patienten kommt es unter einer symptomatischen
Behandlung zur kompletten oder partiellen Remission der Proteinurie.
Unbehandelt verlieren 20 – 30 % der
Patienten innerhalb 5 – 10 Jahren ihre
Nierenfunktion. Zur symptomatischen Therapie werden ACE-Hemmer und
AT-I-Blocker, Schleifendiuretika und Statine eingesetzt. Ein Risikoscore,
der sich an der Proteinurie und Nierenfunktion orientiert, wurde
bisher als Entscheidungshilfe für die Indikation zu einer immunmodulatorischen
Therapie eingesetzt. Neue Möglichkeiten für eine
differenziertere Diagnostik und Therapie der MGN können
von der Bestimmung zirkulierender Autoantikörper gegen
einen podozytären Phospholipase-A2 Rezeptor
erreicht werden.
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy is the most common cause of nephrotic
syndrome in adults. Binding of circulating autoantibodies to the
glomerular filtration barrier leads to the development of this autoimmune
disease. The clinical symptoms range from small proteinuria to severe
nephrotic syndrome with enormous oedema, not controllable hyperlipidaemia
and increased disposition for infection. One third of patients reach
complete or partial remission of proteinuria under symptomatic treatment,
which includes ACE-inhibitors and AT-I-blockers, loop diuretics
and statins. Untreated the disease leads to loss of renal function
over 5 – 10 years in 20 – 30 % of
patients. A risk score based on proteinuria and renal function is
used to guide the decision when to start with an immunosuppressive
therapy. A better adapted diagnostic and therapy of membranous nephropathy
may be possible through measurement of circulating autoantibodies
directed against a podocytic phospholipase-A2 receptor.
Schlüsselwörter
membranöse Glomerulonephritis - nephrotisches Syndrom - Phospholipase-A2-Rezeptor-Autoantikörper
- Rituximab
Keywords
membranous glomerulonephritis - nephrotic syndrome - phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibodies
- rituximab
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Prof. Dr. Rolf A. K. Stahl
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Martinistr.
52
20246 Hamburg
Telefon: 040/7410-53908
Fax: 040/7410-55186
eMail: rstahl@uke.de