Effect of Hyperoxic-Supplemented Interval Training on Endurance Performance in Trained Cyclists

A. E. Kilding; M. Wood; G. Sequira; D. L. Bonetti

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1297999

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Int J Sports Med 2012; 33(05): 359-363
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297999

Training & Testing

Effect of Hyperoxic-Supplemented Interval Training on Endurance Performance in Trained Cyclists

A. E. Kilding

¹Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

,

M. Wood

¹Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

,

G. Sequira

¹Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

,

D. L. Bonetti

²Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyperoxic-supplemented interval training on endurance performance. Using a single-blind, randomised control-trial design, 16 well-trained cyclists were randomly assigned to either hyperoxic or normoxic training. Participants visited the laboratory twice per week, for 4 weeks, to perform high-intensity interval training sessions. A 20 km TT, incremental exercise test and 60s all-out test were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Smaller effects for most physiological measures, including VO_2peak (1.9±4.3%) and lactate threshold (0.3±8.3%), were observed after training in hyperoxia compared to normoxia. There was a small increase in mean power during the 20 km TT after hyperoxia [2.1±3.7%; effect size (ES): − 0.30±0.39] but this was less than that observed after normoxia (4.9±3.9%; ES: − 0.44 ± 0.60). During the 60 s all-out test, the peak relative power was relatively unchanged, whereas mean relative power was increased in normoxia (2.3±3.4%) but not hyperoxia (0.3±1.2%; ES: − 0.34 ± 0.49). Hyperoxic-supplemented interval training in the competitive season had less effect on endurance and high-intensity performance and physiology in trained endurance cyclists compared to interval training in normoxia. Therefore hyperoxic-supplemented training at sea level appears to be not worthwhile for maximising performance in competitive endurance athletes.

Key words

high-intensity - aerobic - supplementary oxygen

Volltext

Referenzen

References
1 Ansley L, Petersen D, Thomas A, St Clair Gibson A, Robson-Ansley P, Noakes TD. The effect of breathing an ambient low-density, hyperoxic gas on the perceived effort of breathing and maximal performance of exercise in well-trained athletes. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41: 2-7
2 Armstrong JW, Jacks DE, Sowash J, Andres FF. The effects of training while breathing oxygen-enriched air on time-to-exhaustion and aerobic capacity. J Exerc Physiol 2000; 3: 12-20
3 Batterham AM, Hopkins WG. Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2006; 1: 50-57
4 Dempsey JA, Hanson PG, Henderson KS. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia in healthy human subjects at sea level. J Physiol 1984; 355: 161-175
5 Grataloup O, Prieur F, Busso T, Castells J, Favier FB, Denis C, Benoit H. Effect of hyperoxia on maximal O2 uptake in exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemic subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 94: 641-645
6 Hamalainen IT, Nummela AT, Rusko HK. Training in hyperoxia improves 3 000-m running performance in national level athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: S47
7 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Update – Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: 819-821
8 Lindsay FH, Hawley JA, Myburgh KH, Schomer HH, Noakes TD, Dennis SC. Improved athletic performance in highly trained cyclists after interval training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28: 1427-1434
9 Linossier MT, Dormois D, Arsac L, Denis C, Gay JP, Geyssant A, Lacour JR. Effect of hyperoxia on aerobic and anaerobic performances and muscle metabolism during maximal cycling exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 168: 403-411
10 Morris DM, Kearney JT, Burke ER. The effects of breathing supplemental oxygen during altitude training on cycling performance. J Sci Med Sport 2000; 3: 165-175
11 Paton CD, Hopkins WG. Variation in performance of elite cyclists from race to race. Eur J Sport Sci 2006; 6: 25-31
12 Perry CG, Reid J, Perry W, Wilson BA. Effects of hyperoxic training on performance and cardiorespiratory response to exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 1175-1179
13 Perry CG, Talanian JL, Heigenhauser GJ, Spriet LL. The effects of training in hyperoxia vs. normoxia on skeletal muscle enzyme activities and exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 2007; 102: 1022-1027
14 Ploutz-Snyder LL, Simoneau JA, Gilders RM, Staron RS, Hagerman FC. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptations to hyperoxic training. Eur J Appl Physiol 1996; 73: 38-48
15 Powers SK, Dodd S, Lawler J, Landry G, Kirtley M, McKnight T, Grinton S. Incidence of exercise induced hypoxemia in elite endurance athletes at sea level. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988; 58: 298-302
16 Seiler S. What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes?. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5: 276-291
17 Sperlich B, Schiffer T, Achtzehn S, Mester J, Holmberg HC. Pre-exposure to hyperoxic air does not enhance power output during subsequent sprint cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 110: 301-305
18 Stepto NK, Hawley JA, Dennis SC, Hopkins WG. Effects of different interval-training programs on cycling time-trial performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 736-741
19 Tucker R, Kayser B, Rae E, Raunch L, Bosch A, Noakes T. Hyperoxia improves 20 km cycling time trial performance by increasing muscle activation levels while perceived exertion stays the same. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 101: 771-781
20 Welch HG. Effects of hypoxia and hyperoxia on human performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1987; 15: 191-221
21 Westgarth-Taylor C, Hawley JA, Rickard S, Myburgh KH, Noakes TD, Dennis SC. Metabolic and performance adaptations to interval training in endurance-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 1997; 75: 298-304
22 Weston AR, Myburgh KH, Lindsay FH, Dennis SC, Noakes TD, Hawley JA. Skeletal muscle buffering capacity and endurance performance after high-intensity interval training by well-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 1997; 75: 7-13
23 Wilber RL, Holm PL, Morris DM, Dallam GM, Callan SD. Effect of F(I)O(2) on physiological responses and cycling performance at moderate altitude. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1153-1159
24 Wilber RL, Holm PL, Morris DM, Dallam GM, Subudhi AW, Murray DM, Callan SD. Effect of FIO2 on oxidative stress during interval training at moderate altitude. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 1888-1894
25 Yeo WK, Paton CD, Garnham AP, Burke LM, Carey AL, Hawley JA. Skeletal muscle adaptation and performance responses to once a day versus twice every second day endurance training regimens. J Appl Physiol 2008; 105: 1462-1470