Kernaussagen
Für die Behandlung der therapieresistenten Depression stehen unterschiedliche Strategien
zur Verfügung. Wichtig ist der Ausschluss von Pseudoresistenz. Die Lithiumaugmentation
sowie die Augmentation mit atypischen Antipsychotika haben die beste Evidenz für die
Behandlung der Nonresponse. Die Kombination von Antidepressiva erscheint nur sinnvoll
für Wiederaufnahmehemmer und Blocker von präsynaptischen Autorezeptoren (z. B. Mirtazapin).
Für einen Antidepressivawechsel ist die Datenlage hingegen nur unzureichend. Tranylcypromin
kann eine sinnvolle Option bei Therapieresistenz sein. Eine Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung
und somit Evidenz für eine Dosiserhöhung bei Nonresponse auf mittlere Dosisbereiche
besteht für die Gruppe der TZA und Venlafaxin, nicht jedoch für SSRI. Nichtpharmakologische
Strategien beinhalten die Psychotherapie und die EKT, die beide ihre Wirksamkeit bei
der therapieresistenten Depression nachgewiesen haben. Eine Kombination von Pharmakotherapie
und Psychotherapie kann insbesondere bei schweren depressiven Episoden zu einem besseren
Gesamtbehandlungsergebnis führen. Für neuere Stimulationsverfahren wie die rTMS, die
VNS oder die Tiefenhirnstimulation wird die weitere Erfahrung den Stellenwert für
bestimmte Patientengruppen zeigen. Eine Therapie nach einer algorithmusgestützten
Pharmakotherapie kann dazu beitragen, die zur Verfügung stehenden Strategien bestmöglich
zu nutzen.
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Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Michael Bauer
Direktor der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus
an der Technischen Universität Dresden
Fetscherstraße 74
01307 Dresden
Email: michael.bauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de