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Horm Metab Res 2013; 45(03): 197-205
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323842
Original Basic
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Transient Gestational and Neonatal Hypothyroidism-induced Specific Changes in Androgen Receptor Expression in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles of Adult Rat

K. Annapoorna
1   Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
,
J. Anbalagan
1   Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
2   Current Address: Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York 10029, USA
,
R. Neelamohan
1   Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
,
G. Vengatesh
1   Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
,
J. Stanley
1   Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
3   Current Address: Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
,
G. Amudha
1   Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
,
M. M. Aruldhas
1   Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, TN, India
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 31 March 2012

accepted 28 August 2012

Publication Date:
26 October 2012 (online)

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Abstract

The present study aims to identify the association between androgen status and metabolic activity in skeletal and cardiac muscles of adult rats with transient gestational/neonatal-onset hypothyroidism. Pregnant and lactating rats were made hypothyroid by exposing to 0.05% methimazole in drinking water; gestational exposure was from embryonic day 9–14 (group II) or 21 (group III), lactational exposure was from postnatal day 1–14 (group IV) or 29 (group V). Serum was collected for hormone assay. Androgen receptor status, Glu-4 expression, and enzyme activities were assessed in the skeletal and cardiac muscles. Serum testosterone and estradiol levels decreased in adult rats of groups II and III, whereas testosterone remained normal but estradiol increased in group IV and V, when compared to coeval control. Androgen receptor ligand binding activity increased in both muscle phenotypes with a consistent increase in the expression level of its mRNA and protein expressions except in the forelimb of adult rats with transient hypothyroidism (group II–V). Glut-4 expression remained normal in skeletal and cardiac muscle of experimental rats. Specific activity of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased in both muscle phenotypes whereas, creatine kinase activity increased in skeletal muscles alone. It is concluded that transient gestational/lactational exposure to methimazole results in hypothyroidism during prepuberal life whereas it increases AR status and glycolytic activity in skeletal and cardiac muscles even at adulthood. Thus, the present study suggests that euthyroid status during prenatal and early postnatal life is essential to have optimal AR status and metabolic activity at adulthood.

Key words

thyroid hormones - testosterone - estradiol - Glut-4 - hexokinase
 

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