Download PDF
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2013; 81(8): 464-472
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350238
Fort- und Weiterbildung
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Biologische Behandlung der therapieresistenten Schizophrenie

Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia – Biological Treatments
A. Hasan
1   Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LMU München
,
T. Wobrock
2   Psychiatrie, Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit, Darmstadt
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
12 August 2013 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Lernziele

Ziel des Artikels ist es, folgende Kenntnisse zu vermitteln:

  • verschiedene Definitionen und Dimensionen der therapieresistenten Schizophrenie,

  • wesentliche pharmakologische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bei Vorliegen einer manifesten Therapieresistenz,

  • wesentliche Verteilungszahlen und Ursachen der Therapieresistenz,

  • Wirksamkeit anderer biologischer Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung der Therapieresistenz.

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Lang FU, Kosters M, Lang S et al. Psychopathological long-term outcome of schizophrenia – a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 127: 173-182
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 2 Hafner H, an der Heiden W. The course of schizophrenia in the light of modern follow-up studies: the ABC and WHO studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1999; 249 (Suppl. 04) 14-26
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Hasan A, Falkai P, Wobrock T et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia, part 1: update 2012 on the acute treatment of schizophrenia and the management of treatment resistance. World J Biol Psychiatry 2012; 13: 318-378
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 4 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN) (Hrsg.) Behandlungsleitlinie Schizophrenie. Reihe: S3 Praxisleitlinien in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Heidelberg: Springer; 2006
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 5 Suzuki T, Remington G, Mulsant BH et al. Treatment resistant schizophrenia and response to antipsychotics: a review. Schizophr Res 2011; 133: 54-62
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 6 Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J et al. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 789-796
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 7 Gardner DM, Murphy AL, O‘Donnell H et al. International consensus study of antipsychotic dosing. Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167: 686-693
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Hoe M, Nakagami E, Green MF et al. The causal relationships between neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcome over time in schizophrenia: a latent difference score approach. Psychol Med 2012; 5: 1-13
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 321-330
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Barretto EM, Kayo M, Avrichir BS et al. A preliminary controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 2009; 197: 865-868
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Turkington D, Sensky T, Scott J et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia: a five-year follow-up. Schizophr Res 2008; 98: 1-7
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Klingberg S, Wittorf A. Evidence-based psychotherapy of schizophrenic psychoses. Nervenarzt 2012; 83: 907-918
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Klingberg S, Buchkremer G. New developments in psychotherapy for schizophrenic psychoses. Nervenarzt 2009; 80 22, 24-25 , 28-30
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Goff DC, Hill M, Freudenreich O. Strategies for improving treatment adherence in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71 (Suppl. 02) 20-26
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 15 Hasan A, Falkai P, Wobrock T et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, part 2: update 2012 on the long-term treatment of schizophrenia and management of antipsychotic-induced side effects. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013; 14: 2-44
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 16 Buchanan RW, Kreyenbuhl J, Kelly DL et al. The 2009 schizophrenia PORT psychopharmacological treatment recommendations and summary statements. Schizophr Bull 2010; 36: 71-93
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 17 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN) (Hrsg.) Behandlungsleitlinie Schizophrenie. Reihe: S3 Praxisleitlinien in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Heidelberg: Springer; 2006
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 18 Hiemke C, Baumann P, Bergemann N et al. AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: update 2011. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011; 44: 195-235
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 19 Remington G, Agid O, Foussias G et al. Clozapine's Role in the Treatment of First-Episode Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170: 146-151
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Agid O, Remington G, Kapur S et al. Early use of clozapine for poorly responding first-episode psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007; 27: 369-373
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 OPTiMiSE. Optimization of Treatment and Management of Schizophrenia in Europe (2012). Im Internet: http://www.optimisetrial.eu/ Stand: 19.5.2013
    PubMed
  • 22 The British Psychological Society, The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Schizophrenia. The NICE Guideline on core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary and secondary care (updated edition). 2010
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 23 Wolff-Menzler C, Hasan A, Malchow B et al. Combination therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2010; 43: 122-129
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Barnes TR, Paton C. Antipsychotic polypharmacy in schizophrenia: benefits and risks. CNS Drugs 2011; 25: 383-399
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Paton C, Barnes TR, Cavanagh MR et al. High-dose and combination antipsychotic prescribing in acute adult wards in the UK: the challenges posed by p. r. n. prescribing. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 192: 435-439
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Ito C, Kubota Y, Sato M. A prospective survey on drug choice for prescriptions for admitted patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1999; 53: S35-40
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Gallego JA, Bonetti J, Zhang J et al. Prevalence and correlates of antipsychotic polypharmacy: a systematic review and meta-regression of global and regional trends from the 1970s to 2009. Schizophr Res 2012; 138: 18-28
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Correll CU, Rummel-Kluge C, Corves C et al. Antipsychotic combinations vs. monotherapy in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35: 443-457
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 29 Josiassen RC, Joseph A, Kohegyi E et al. Clozapine augmented with risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 130-136
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 30 Anil YAE, Kivircik ABB, Turgut TI et al. A double-blind controlled study of adjunctive treatment with risperidone in schizophrenic patients partially responsive to clozapine: efficacy and safety. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 63-72
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Honer WG, Thornton AE, Chen EY et al. Clozapine alone versus clozapine and risperidone with refractory schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 472-482
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 32 Freudenreich O, Henderson DC, Walsh JP et al. Risperidone augmentation for schizophrenia partially responsive to clozapine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2007; 92: 90-94
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Fleischhacker WW, Heikkinen ME, Olie JP et al. Effects of adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole on body weight and clinical efficacy in schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 13: 1115-1125
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 34 Leucht S, Kissling W, McGrath J. Lithium for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; CD003834
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Joffe G, Terevnikov V, Joffe M et al. Add-on mirtazapine enhances antipsychotic effect of first generation antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2009; 108: 245-251
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Berk M, Ichim C, Brook S. Efficacy of mirtazapine add on therapy to haloperidol in the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 16: 87-92
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Berk M, Gama CS, Sundram S et al. Mirtazapine add-on therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotics: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hum Psychopharmacol 2009; 24: 233-238
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Lehman AF, Lieberman JA, Dixon LB et al. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 1-56
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 39 Falkai P, Wobrock T, Lieberman J et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, Part 1: acute treatment of schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2005; 6: 132-191
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 40 Matheson SL, Green MJ, Loo C et al. Quality assessment and comparison of evidence for electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for schizophrenia: a systematic meta-review. Schizophr Res 2010; 118: 201-210
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 41 Zervas IM, Theleritis C, Soldatos CR. Using ECT in schizophrenia: A review from a clinical perspective. World J Biol Psychiatry 2012; 13: 96-105
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 42 Slotema CW, Aleman A, Daskalakis ZJ et al. Meta-analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of auditory verbal hallucinations: update and effects after one month. Schizophr Res 2012; 142: 40-45
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Slotema CW, Blom JD, de Weijer AD et al. Can low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation really relieve medication-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations? Negative results from a large randomized controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69: 450-456
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Dlabac-de LJJ, Knegtering R, Aleman A. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71: 411-418
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Slotema CW, Blom JD, Hoek HW et al. Should we expand the toolbox of psychiatric treatment methods to include Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)? A meta-analysis of the efficacy of rTMS in psychiatric disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71: 873-884
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 46 Brunelin J, Mondino M, Gassab L et al. Examining transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) as a treatment for hallucinations in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169: 719-724
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar