Synlett 2015; 26(10): 1371-1374
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1380521
letter
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Sodium Amide Induced Cyclization of 2-Iodoprop-2-enylamines: Application to the Synthesis of 1-Aryl-2-methyleneaziridines

Frances H. Bayliffe
a   Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK   Email: m.shipman@warwick.ac.uk
,
Alan Steven
b   AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Development, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, Cheshire, UK
,
Kaori Ando
c   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
,
Michael Shipman*
a   Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK   Email: m.shipman@warwick.ac.uk
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 26 January 2015

Accepted after revision: 12 March 2015

Publication Date:
01 April 2015 (online)


Abstract

The effect of the halogen on the rate of sodium amide induced cyclization of 2-haloprop-2-enylamines to methyleneaziridines is studied. Using DFT calculations and competition experiments, it is shown to proceed faster using iodide-based substrates. A practical route to 1-aryl-2-methyleneaziridines is devised based on these observations and their further rearrangement to cyclopropanimines explored.

Supporting Information

 
  • References and Notes

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  • 9 Aziridines and Epoxides in Synthesis . Yudin AK. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2006
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  • 12 Wijnberg et al. report being unable to make N-phenyl isopropylideneaziridine by cyclization of N-phenyl-2-bromo-3-methylbut-2-enamine using BuLi/THF, a method that works well for related N-alkyl substrates, see: Wijnberg JB. P. A, Wiering PG, Steinberg H. Synthesis 1981; 901
  • 13 Ismailov et al. report the formation of 1-phenyl-2-methylene­aziridine in 22% yield by treatment of PhNH2 with 1,2,3-tribromopropane (K2CO3, DMSO, 110 °C). These findings are not consistent with our observations that 13 readily rearranges to 14 >65 °C. We also note that the level of characterization of 1-phenyl-2-methyleneaziridine was very limited [1H NMR (60 MHz), microanalysis only]; and that curiously, it is described as a purple solid. Ismailov VM, Mamedov IA, Yusubov NN. Russ. J. Org. Chem. 2009; 45: 1250
  • 14 Bottini AT, King BJ, Olsen RE. J. Org. Chem. 1963; 28: 3241
  • 15 Data for 6b vs. 7 cyclization using the same reaction conditions reported in Scheme 2: 6b/8 = 30:66; 7/9 = 35:59. Traces of corresponding alkyne account for the remainder of material (see Supporting Information).
  • 16 Takasu K, Ohsato H, Kuroyanagi J.-I, Ihara M. J. Org. Chem. 2002; 67: 6001
  • 17 Synthesis of 1-Mesityl-2-methyleneaziridine (13) A multinecked flask was fitted with a cold-finger condenser and a gas inlet. Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (0.2 mol%) was added and the system flushed with anhydrous NH3. A dry ice/acetone mixture was added to the condenser and NH3 (25 mL) condensed into the flask. The addition of freshly cut Na (0.30 g, 13.1 mmol) initially resulted in a deep blue colouration, which over time, faded to afford a grey suspension of NaNH2. A solution of 11 (2.00 g, 6.64 mmol) in Et2O (1:1 w/v) was added slowly. After 1 h at –33 °C, the mixture was diluted with Et2O and quenched by the cautious addition of H2O. After the NH3 had been allowed to evaporate, the mixture was partitioned between Et2O (150 mL) and 10% NaOH solution (150 mL). The phases were separated and the organic layer washed with 10% NaOH (150 mL) then brine (150 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 13 (970 mg, 84%) as a brown oil. IR (neat): νmax = 2920, 1758, 1482, 1248, 852, 639 cm–1. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 6.72 (2 H, s, 2 × ArH) 4.94 (1 H, s, =CHH), 4.79 (1 H, s, =CHH), 2.60 (2 H, s, CH2), 2.43 (6 H, s, 2 × CH3) 2.20 (3 H, s, CH3) ppm. 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 142.9 (C), 132.6 (C), 131.8 (C), 129.7 (2 × CH), 128.8 (C), 83.6 (CH2), 31.2 (CH2), 19.8 (CH3), 18.9 (2 × CH3) ppm. MS (ES+): m/z = 174 [MH+]. HRMS (ES+): m/z calcd for C12H16N [MH+]: 174.1277; found: 174.1276.
  • 18 Quast H, Risler W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1973; 12: 414