Osteologie 2010; 19(01): 36-39
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619921
Atraumatic femoral head necrosis in adults
Schattauer GmbH

Drilling and plombage (core decompression) of a femoral head avascular necrosis

Core Decompression und Spongiosatransplantation bei avaskulärer Femurkopfnekrose
T. Trc
1   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charles University Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Czech Republic
,
P. Chládek
1   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charles University Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Czech Republic
,
V. Havlas
1   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charles University Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Czech Republic
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received: 06 December 2009

accepted: 06 January 2010

Publication Date:
30 December 2017 (online)

Summary

The treatment of femoral head necrosis of adults is still rather problematic. Conservative treatment has been reported relatively unsuccessful and surgical treatment does not show convincing results either. The most effective seems to be a surgical treatment in early stages of the disease, however, the diagnosis still remains relatively complicated. For the late stages (2B and above) the most effective treatment option is represented by core decompression and vascular grafting. However, drilling and plombage (especially when using press-fit technique) seems to be successful, although not excellent. The authors describe their own method of drilling and plombage of the necrotic zone of the femoral head in 41 patients with X-ray detected necrotic changes of the femoral head. The pain measured by VAS was seen to decrease after surgery in all patients significantly. The Jacobs score was also observed to have increased (from fair to good outcome). We have not observed any large femoral head collapse after surgery, moreover, in some cases an improvement of the round shape of the femoral head was seen. It is important to mention that in all cases femoral heads with existing necrotic changes (flattening or collapse) were treated. Although the clinical improvement after surgery was not significantly high, the method we describe is a safe and simple method of diminishing pain in attempt to prepare the femoral head for further treatment in a future, without significant restriction of the indication due to necrosis (osteochondroplasty, resurfacing, THR).

Zusammenfassung

Die Therapie der atraumatischen Femurkopfnekrose des Erwachsenen ist ziemlich problematisch. Die konservative Behandlung ist im Prinzip erfolglos und auch chirurgische Maßnahmen zeigen nicht immer überzeugende Ergebnisse. Am effektivsten scheint eine chirurgische Behandlung in frühen Stadien der Krankheit zu sein, trotzdem bleibt die Diagnose noch relativ kompliziert. Für die späten Stadien (2B und höher) stellen zum Gelenkerhalt die effektivsten Behandlungsmethoden die Core Decompression und gefäßgestielte Transplantate dar. Dabei scheinen besonders die Ergebnisse der Core Decompression und der Spongiosaplastik (vor allem, wenn diese mittels Press-fit- Technik erfolgt) erfolgreich zu sein, wenn gleich nicht immer sehr gut. Die Autoren beschreiben ihre eigene Methode des Aufbohrens und der Auffüllung der nekrotischen Zone des Femurkopfes mit Spongiosa bei 41 Patienten mit radiologisch nachgewiesenen sekundär nekrotischen Veränderungen des Femur - kopfes. Die Schmerzen, die mittels VAS beurteilt wurden, nahmen nach der Operation bei allen Patienten signifikant ab. Auch beim Jacobs- Score wurde eine Verbesserung beobachtet (befriedigende bis gute Ergebnisse). In keinem Fall wurde nach der Operation ein ausgedehnter Kollaps des Hüftkopfes beobachtet, allerdings konnte in einigen Fällen eine Verbesserung der runden Form des Femurkopfes gefunden werden. Es ist wichtig zu erwähnen, dass in allen Fällen Femurköpfe mit fortgeschrittenen nekrotischen Veränderungen (Abflachung oder Kollaps) behandelt wurden. Obwohl der klinische Befund sich insgesamt nach der Operation nicht signifikant besserte, erwies sich das Vorgehen als sichere und einfache Methode, um den Schmerz zu reduzieren und den Femurkopf für spätere Therapien zu erhalten, ohne nennenswerte Einschränkungen zur operativen Indikation (Osteochondroplasty, Resurfacing, TEP) zu verursachen.

 
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