Porzine Eperythrozoonose: von Eperythrozoon suis zu Mycoplasma suis[*]

Zusammenfassung

Mycoplasma (M.) suis (früher Eperythrozoon suis) ist beim Schwein der am häufigsten vorkommende Erreger von hämolytischen Anämien. Die Erkrankung wird auch als porzine Eperythrozoonose bezeichnet. Der Erreger, ein kleines, pleomorphes Bakterium, findet sich auf oder in den Erythrozyten des Schweines. Da sich M. suis bislang nicht kultivieren lässt, ist unser Wissensstand zum Erreger und zur Pathogenese der Eperythrozoonose nach wie vor limitiert. Neben den bei Einzeltieren auftretenden akuten Fällen haben vor allem chronische und persistente Infektionen die größte Bedeutung, da M. suis das Immunsystem modulieren und supprimieren kann und somit als Wegbereiter für andere Infektionskrankheiten insbesondere des Atmungs- und Verdauungstrakts fungiert. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über den Erreger, die klinische Symptomatik und Pathogenese, die Diagnose sowie Therapie- und Prophylaxemöglichkeiten bei M.-suis-Infektionen.

Summary

Mycoplasma suis (formerly known as Eperythrozoon suis) is the most prevalent agent causing haemolytic anaemia in swine. The disease is also known as porcine eperythrozoonosis. M. suis is a small, pleomorphic bacteria parasitizing porcine erythrocytes. To date, no in vitro cultivation system for M. suis has been established and, therefore, our knowledge about the characteristics of M. suis and the pathogenesis of porcine eperythrozoonosis is rather limited. M. suis can cause acute disease, but the major significance of M. suis infections lies in the fact that M. suis can establish chronic and persistent infections leading to a higher susceptibility to other infections, especially of the respiratory and digestive tracts. The present article summarizes the current knowledge of the pathogen, the clinical signs and pathogenesis, diagnostic as well as therapy and prophylaxis.

Schlüsselwörter

Infektiöse Anämie - Schwein - Eperythrozoon suis - Mycoplasma suis - Pathogenese - Diagnostik

Key words

Infectious anaemia - swine - Eperythrozoon suis - Mycoplasma suis - pathogenesis - diagnostic

^* Herrn Prof. Dr. Karl Heinritzi zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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