Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

Jake P. Mann; Luca Valenti; Eleonora Scorletti; Christopher D. Byrne; Valerio Nobili

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1627456

Seminars in Liver Disease, Table of Contents

Semin Liver Dis 2018; 38(01): 001-013
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627456

Review Article

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

Jake P. Mann

¹Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

,

Luca Valenti

²Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

,

Eleonora Scorletti

³Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

,

Christopher D. Byrne

³Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

⁴National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (in Nutrition), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom

⁵Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom

,

Valerio Nobili

⁶Hepatometabolic Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS (Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Rome, Italy

⁷Department of Pediatrics, University “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is one of the most common hepatic diseases in children who present with particular risk factors including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and/or a predisposing genetic background. The worldwide prevalence of NAFLD in children is a worrying phenomenon because this disease is closely associated with the development of both cirrhosis and cardiometabolic syndrome in adulthood. To date, the etiopathogenesis of primary NAFLD in children is unknown. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms provides the basis to characterize early predictors of the disease and noninvasive diagnostic tools and to design novel specific treatments and possible management strategies. Despite a few clinical trials on the use of antioxidants combined with lifestyle intervention for NAFLD, no treatment exists for children with NAFLD. In this review, the authors provide an overview of current concepts in epidemiology, histological features, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD in pediatric population.

Keywords

NAFLD - obesity - children - NASH

Full Text

References

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