Depressionen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

Affektive Störungen mit Depressions- und/oder Angstsymptomen sind klinisch häufig vorkommende Phänomene im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Im Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalter äußern sie sich vorwiegend in verminderter Aktivität, Anhedonie und Entwicklungsverzögerung. Im Vorschulund Schulalter stehen Spielunlust und Spielhemmung, später Lernhemmung sowie psychosomatische Beschwerden und Verhaltensstörungen im Vordergrund. In der Adoleszenz stellen sich dann die typischen Symptome phasisch verlaufender depressiver Störungen oder länger anhaltender Dysthymien ein mit dem typischen Verhältnis von 2 : 1 weiblichen gegenüber männlichen Jugendlichen. Als ätiologische Faktoren spielen soziale Beziehungsbeeinträchtigungen sowie psychologische und biologische Faktoren eine Rolle, die auf komplexe Weise miteinander interagieren. Entsprechend der Multikausalität richtet sich eine adäquate Behandlung multimodal aus und bezieht soziale (Familien- und Gleichaltrigen-) Interventionen, psychotherapeutische Maßnahmen und in schweren Fällen die psychopharmakologische Behandlung in ein integratives Behandlungskonzept ein.

Summary

Affective disorders with symptoms of depression and anxiety are frequent clinical phenomena in childhood and adolescence. In infancy, these disorders are characterized by inactivity, anhedonia, and developmental delays. In preschool and school age, they are characterized by play inhibition, learning difficulties, psychosomatic symptoms and conduct problems. In adolescence, we see the typical symptoms of mood disorders with major depressive episodes or dysthymic disorders. In adolescence, more girls than boys suffer from mood disorders (approximately 2 : 1 female : male prevalence ratio). Psychosocial factors (e. g. disturbed family relationships), psychological patterns, and biological factors are relevant aetiological factors which interact with each other in complex ways. Starting from multicausal aetiological factors, treatment has to be multimodal integrating social intervention (family, peer group), psychotherapy, and in severe cases psychopharmacological treatment.

Schlüsselwörter

Affekte - Angst - Depression - Entwicklungspsychopathologie

Keywords

Affect - anxiety - depression - developmental psychopathology

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