Zur pathophysiologischen Bedeutung der Amygdala in der Affektregulation bei psychischen Störungen

Zusammenfassung

Die Amygdala (Mandelkern) spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der normalen und gestörten Affektregulation. In diesem Beitrag wird der Stand des Wissens zur Neuroanatomie und Pathophysiologie der Amygdala zusammenfassend vorgestellt. In einem zweiten thematischen Schwerpunkt werden die Konsequenzen von experimentellen Amygdalaläsionen beim Tier und von Läsionen beim Menschen referiert. Daran anschließend werden relevante Befunde aus der bildgebenden Forschung zur Rolle der Amygdala bei emotional-instabilen und impulsiven Syndromen vorgestellt. Abschließend wird in einem Integrationsversuch der Befunde ein Modell zur Rolle der Amygdala im Kontext der Affektregulation vorgeschlagen.

Summary

The amygdala plays a central role in the normal and pathological regulation of emotions. In a first section of this paper we summarise the present knowledge of the neuroanatomy and pathophysiology of the amygdala. We then analyse the neuropsychiatric consequences of amygdala lesions in animal models and in humans. Following this we present the latest neuroimaging findings related to amygdala dysfunction in impulsive and emotional-instable syndromes. Summarising the findings we try to develop a model of the role of the amygdala in general affect regulation.

Schlüsselwörter

Amygdala - Extended Amygdala - Affektregulation - psychische Störungen

Keywords

amygdala - extended amygdala - affect regulation - psychiatric disorders

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