Zur Neurobiologie der Fehlerverarbeitung

Zusammenfassung

Exekutive Kontrollfunktionen und speziell Fehlerverarbeitungsprozesse wurden in den letzten Jahrzehnten intensiv untersucht. Von besonderem Interesse war hierbei die „Fehlernegativität“ (error negativity; [Ne]) bzw. „fehlerbezogene Negativität“ (error-related negativity; [ERN]), ein ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial, das Ende der 1980iger Jahre entdeckt wurde und das elektrophysiologische Korrelate der Fehlerverarbeitung darstellt. Mehrere Studien konnten zeigen, dass die Ne/ERN im Bereich des anterioren zingulären und präfrontalen Kortex generiert wird. Der ihr zugrunde liegende psychologische Mechanismus wurde jedoch sehr kontrovers diskutiert. Mittlerweile zeichnet sich ein Kompromiss zwischen Vertretern der so genannten Antwortkonflikt- und der Mismatch-Hypothese der Ne/ERN ab. Die Elektrophysiologie der Fehlerverarbeitung ist außerdem von großem klinischen Interesse, da sich bei verschiedenen neuropsychiatrischen Patientengruppen deutliche Unterschiede der Ne/ERN im Vergleich zu Kontrollprobanden fanden. Erste Studien zeigen weiterhin, dass sich die Ne/ ERN auch zur Einschätzung des klinischen Verlaufs und zukünftig vielleicht auch zur Prognose der Therapieresponse eignet.

Summary

Executive functions and especially error monitoring have been intensively investigated during the last decades. Special attention was paid to the error negativity (Ne) or error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential which for the first time was described end of the 1980ies and is regarded as the electrophysiological correlate of error monitoring. Several studies demonstrated that the Ne/ERN is generated in the area of anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex. The underlying psychological mechanism has been discussed controversially in terms of the so called response conflict and mismatch hypothesis. Besides that, investigating error monitoring is of broad clinical interest as patients with neuropsychiatric diseases differ from healthy controls with regard to the Ne/ERN component. Moreover, recent studies show that the Ne/ERN component correlates with clinical outcome and response to therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Exekutive Kontrollfunktionen - Fehlernegativität/fehlerbezogene Negativität - Therapiemonitoring neuropsychiatrischer Erkrankungen

Key words

Executive functions - error negativity/error-related negativity - monitoring of neuropsychiatric diseases

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