The Evolution of the Understanding of Bone Healing

R. M. McLaughlin Jr.

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1633244

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Table of Contents

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1991; 4(01): 16-20
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1633244

Invited Article

Schattauer GmbH

The Evolution of the Understanding of Bone Healing

R. M. McLaughlin Jr.

¹From the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Keyword

Bone healing

Full Text

References

References
1 McKibbon B. The biology of fracture healing in long bones. J Bone Joint Surg 1978; 60 B: 150-62.
2 Perren S. Primary bone healing. In: Bojrab MJ. (ed). Pathophysiology in Small Animal Surgery. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1981
3 Schenk RK. Histology of fracture repair and non-union. A-O bulletin publication; Bern: 1978
4 Hulth A. Current concepts of fracture healing. Clin Orthop 1989; 249: 265-84.
5 Rahn BA, Perren SM. Xylenol orange, a fluorochrome useful in polychrome sequential labeling in calcifying tissues. Stain Technol 1971; 46: 125.
6 Brooks M. The Blood Supply of Bone: An Approach to Bone Biology. London: Butterworths; 1971
7 Rhinelander FW. Tibial blood supply in relation to healing. Clin Orthop 1974; 105: 34-81.
8 Bassett CAL, Becker RO. Generation of electrical potentials by bone in response to mechanical stress. Science 1962; 137: 1063-4.
9 Bassett CAL, Pawluk RJ, Becker RO. Effect of electrical current on bone in vivo. Nature 1964; 204: 652-4.
10 Lane WA. The Operative Treatment of Fractures. London: The medical publishing company; 1914
11 Friedenberg ZR, French G. The effect of known compression forces on fracture healing. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1952; 94: 743.
12 Schenk R, Willenegger H. Zum histologischen Bild der sogenannten Primarheilung der Knochenkompakta nach experimentellen Osteotomien am Hund. Experientia (Basel) 1963; 19: 593.
13 Geiser M. Beiträge zur Biologie der Knochenbruchheilung. Beilagenheft der Zeitschrift für Orthopädie 1963; 97: 1.
14 Kuntscher G. Das Kallusproblem. Stuttgart: Enke; 1970
15 Müller J. Beitrag zur Primärheilung von Schaftfrakturen beim Menschen. Anatomischer Anzeiger 1967; 120: 599.
16 Perren SM, Huggler A, Russenberger M. et al. The reaction of cortical bone to compression. Acta Orthop Scand (suppl) 1969; 125: 19.
17 Olerud S, Dankwardt-Lilliestrom G. Fracture healing in compression osteosynthesis. Acta Orthop Scand (suppl) 1971; 137.
18 Rahn BA, Gallinaro P. et al. Primary bone healing. An experimental study in the rabbit. J Bone Joint Surg 1971; 53 A: 783.
19 Müller ME, Allgower M, Willenegger H. Technique of Internal Fixation. Berlin: Springer; 1965
20 Perren SM, Cordey J, Rahn BA. The concept of interfragmentary strain. Ottawa: Congress of internal fixation of fractures; 1981
21 Perren SM. et al. A method of measuring the change in compression applied to living cortical bone. Acta Orthop Scand 1969; 125: 1.
22 Uhthoff HK, Dubuc FL. Bone structure changes in the dog under rigid internal fixation. Clin Orthop 1971; 81: 165-79.
23 Bassett CAL, Herrman I. Influence of oxygen concentration and mechanical factors on differentiation of connective tissue in vitro. Nature 1961; 190: 460-1.
24 Fakada F, Yasuda I. On the piezoelectric effect of bone. J Physical Society of Japan 1957; 12: 1158-62.
25 Friedenberg ZB, Brighton CT. Bioelectrical potentials in bone. J Bone Joint Surg 1966; 48 A: 915-23.
26 Bassett CAL. Biophysical principles affecting bone structure. In: Bourne GH. (ed). The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone. Development and growth. London: Academic Press; 1971
27 Bassett CAL, Pawluk RJ, Pilla AA. Acceleration of fracture repair by electromagnetic fields: a surgically non-invasive method. Ann NY Acad Sci 1974; 238: 242-61.
28 Friedenberg ZB, Harlow MC, Brighton CT. Healing of non-union of the medial malleolus by means of direct current: a case report. J Trauma 1971; 11: 883-5.
29 Bassett CAL, Valdes MG, Hernandez AJ. Modification of fracture repair with selected pulsing electromagnetic fields. J Bone Joint Surg 1982; 64 A: 888.
30 Chapman MW. Induction of fracture repair: osteoinduction, osteoconduction and adjunctive care. In: Lane JM. (ed). Fracture Healing. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1987
31 Anderson WV. Lengthening of the lower limb: its place in the problem of limb length discrepancy. In: Graham WD. (ed). Modern Trends in Orthopaedics. London: Butterworths; 1972
32 Kawamura B, Hosono S. et al. Limb lengthening by means of subcutaneous osteotomy. J Bone Joint Surg 1968; 50 A: 851.
33 Ilizarov GA, Soibelman LM. Some clinical and experimental data concerning bloodless lengthening of lower extremities. Experimentalnaja Kirurgija i Ortopedija 1969; 4: 27.
34 Monticelli G, Spinelli R. Distraction epihyseolysis as a method of limb lengthening. I. experimental study. Clin Orthop 1981; 154: 254.
35 Frost HM. The biology of fracture healing: An overview for clinicians, part I. Clin Orthop 1989; 248: 283-93.
36 Arnoczky SP, Wilson JW, Schwarz P. Fracture and fracture biology. In: Slatter DH. (ed). Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. Vol 2. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.; 1985
37 Ham AW. Histology. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co.; 1969
38 Pritchard JJ. Bone healing. The scientific basis of medicine annual reviews 1963; 286-301.
39 Ross R, Raines EW, Bowen-Pope DF. The biology of platelet derived growth factor. Cell 1986; 46: 115.
40 Sporn MB, Roberts AB. et al. Some recent advances in the chemistry of transforming growth factor beta. J Cell Biol 1987; 105: 1039.
41 Leibovich SJ, Ross R. The role of the macrophage in wound repair: A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum. Am J Pathol 1975; 78: 71.
42 Marks RM, Rocke WR. et al. Mast cell granules cause proliferation of human microvascular endothelial cells. Lab Invest 1986; 55: 289.
43 Owen M. The origin of bone cells. International Review of Cytology 1970; 28: 212.
44 Young RW. Cell proliferation and specialization during endochondral osteogenesis in young rats. J Cell Biol 1962; 14: 357.
45 Leriche R, Policard A. The Normal and Pathological Physiology of Bone: Its problems. St Louis: CV Mosby Co.; 1928
46 Urist MR, McLean FC. Osteogenic potency and new bone formation by induction in transplants into the anterior chamber of the eye. J Bone Joint Surg 1952; 34 A: 443-76.
47 Ostrowski K, Wodarski K. Induction of heterotopic bone formation. In: Bourne GH. (ed). The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone. London: Academic Press; 1971
48 Trueta J. Studies of the Development and Decay of the Human Frame. London: W Heinemann Ltd; 1968
49 Friedenstein AY. Induction of bone tissue by transitional epithelium. Clin Orthop 1968; 59: 21-37.
50 Brown SG. Secondary bone union. In: Bojrab MJ. (ed). Pathophysiology in Small Animal Surgery. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1981
51 Ham AW. A histological study of the early phase of bone repair. J Bone Joint Surg 1930; 12: 825-44.
52 Sorgente N, Dorey CK. Inhibition of endothelial cell growth by a factor isolated from cartilage. Exp Cell Res 1980; 128: 63.
53 Guenther HL, Fleisch H, Sorgente N. Endothelial cells in culture synthesize a potent bone cell active mitogen. Endocrin 1986; 119: 193.
54 Cierny G, Byrd HS, Jones RE. Primary versus delayed soft tissue coverage for severe open tibial fractures: a comparison of results. Clin Orthop 1983; 178: 54.
55 Moss ML. Experimental induction of osteogenesis. In: Sognnaes RF. (ed). Calcification in Biological Systems. Washington: Am Assoc Advance Science; 1960
56 Harakas NK. Demineralized bone-matrix-induced osteogenesis. Clin Orthop 1984; 188: 239.
57 Urist MR, Iwata H, Strates BS. Bone morphogenic protein and proteinase in the guinea pig. Clin Orthop 1972; 85: 275.
58 Reddi H, Anderson WA. Collagenous bone matrix-induced endochondral ossification and hematopoiesis. J Cell Biol 1976; 69: 557.
59 Juhn A, Lane JM. et al. Prostaglandin E₂-enhanced fracture callus formation. Calcif Tissue Int 1988; 42 (suppl 32 A): 127.
60 Elves LW, Bayley I, Roylance PJ. The effect of indomethacin upon experimental fractures in the rat. Acta Orthop Scand 1982; 53: 35.
61 Somjen D, Binderman I, Beyer E, Harell A. Bone remodeling induced by physical stress prostaglandin E₂-mediated. Biochem Biophys Acta 1980; 627: 91.
62 Frost HM. Mathematical Elements of Lamellar Bone Remodeling. Springfield Ill: Chas C Thomas; 1964
63 Frost HM. The regional acceleratory phenomenon: a review. Henry Ford Hosp Med J 1983; 31: 3.
64 Happenstall RB. Fracture healing. In: Fracture Treatment and Healing. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1980
65 Goodship AE, Kenwright J. The influence of induced micro-environment upon the healing of experimental tibia fracture. J Bone Joint Surg 1986; 67 B: 650.
66 Kenwright J, Goodship AE. et al. Effect of controlled axial micromovement on healing of tibia fractures. Lancet 1986; 2: 1185.
67 Brown SA, Gillett NA, Broaddus TW. Flexible versus nonflexible fracture fixation. In: Lane JM. (ed). Fracture Healing. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1987
68 Skirving AP, Day R. et al. Carbone fiber reinforced plastic plates versus stainless steel dynamic compression plates in the treatment of fractures of the tibiae in dogs. Clin Orthop 1987; 224: 117.
69 Woo S, Akeson WH. Appropriate design criteria for less rigid plates. In: Lane JM. (ed). Fracture Healing. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1987
70 Latta LL, Eng P. et al. The rationale of functional bracing of fractures. Clin Orthop 1980; 146: 28.
71 Connolly JF, Dehne E, Lafolette B. Closed reduction and early cast-brace ambulation in the treatment of femoral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg 1973; 55 A: 1581.
72 Hardy AE. The treatment of femoral fractures by cast-brace application and early ambulation. A prospective review of one hundred and six patients. J Bone Joint Surg 1983; 64 A: 56.