Imaging Following Fractures of and Around the Knee

Hatice Tuba Sanal; Christian Krestan; Mark Schurz

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1653954

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, Table of Contents

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2018; 22(04): 457-463
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1653954

Review Article

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Imaging Following Fractures of and Around the Knee

Hatice Tuba Sanal

¹Department of Radiology, Health Sciences University, Gülhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey

,

Christian Krestan

²Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

,

Mark Schurz

³Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Related to fractures of and around the knee, inappropriate technical factors related to the surgery, severe comminution of the fracture, early overly arduous rehabilitation of the patient, and patient-related noncompliances may have the potential for the risk of inadequate fixation and other complications. Loss of fixation, malunion/nonunion, infection, arthritis, arthrofibrosis, and symptomatic hardware are among postsurgical complications that may necessitate further reconstructive techniques. In this review, complications that may be encountered in the postsurgical period of fractures involving the patella, supracondylar femur, and tibial plateau are described.

Keywords

postoperative - surgery - complications - knee - patellar - femoral - supracondylar - tibial plateau - fracture

Full Text

References

References
1 Neumann MV, Niemeyer P, Südkamp NP, Strohm PC. Patellar fractures—a review of classification, genesis and evaluation of treatment. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2014; 81 (05) 303-312
2 Jeelani A, Arastu MH. Tibial plateau fractures—review of current concepts in management. Orthop Trauma 2017; 31: 102-115
3 Bharam S, Vrahas MS, Fu FH. Knee fractures in the athlete. Orthop Clin North Am 2002; 33 (03) 565-574
4 Kijowski R, Roemer F, Englund M, Tiderius CJ, Swärd P, Frobell RB. Imaging following acute knee trauma. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22 (10) 1429-1443
5 Scolaro J, Bernstein J, Ahn J. Patellar fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469 (04) 1213-1215
6 Jarraya M, Diaz LE, Arndt WF, Roemer FW, Guermazi A. Imaging of patellar fractures. Insights Imaging 2017; 8 (01) 49-57
7 Albanese SA, Livermore JT, Werner FW, Murray DG, Utter RG. Knee extensor mechanics after subtotal excision of the patella. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992; (285) 217-222
8 Bedi A, Karunakar MA. Patellar fractures and extensor mechanism injuries. In: Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, Court-Brown CM, Tornetta P. , eds. Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott; 2010: 1752-1779
9 Gwinner C, Märdian S, Schwabe P, Schaser KD, Krapohl BD, Jung TM. Current concepts review: fractures of the patella. GMS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW 2016;
10 Miller MA, Liu W, Zurakowski D, Smith RM, Harris MB, Vrahas MS. Factors predicting failure of patella fixation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 72 (04) 1051-1055
11 Cho JH. Percutaneous cannulated screws with tension band wiring technique in patella fractures. Knee Surg Relat Res 2013; 25 (04) 215-219
12 Kadar A, Sherman H, Glazer Y, Katz E, Steinberg EL. Predictors for nonunion, reoperation and infection after surgical fixation of patellar fracture. J Orthop Sci 2015; 20 (01) 168-173
13 Surendran S, Pengatteeri YH, Park SE, Gopinathan P, Chang JD, Han CW. Osteoarthritis knee with patellar fracture in the elderly: single-stage fixation and total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2007; 22 (07) 1070-1073
14 Schuett DJ, Hake ME, Mauffrey C, Hammerberg EM, Stahel PF, Hak DJ. Current treatment strategies for patella fractures. Orthopedics 2015; 38 (06) 377-384
15 Sørensen KH. The late prognosis after fracture of the patella. Acta Orthop Scand 1964; 34: 198-212
16 Prat-Fabregat S, Camacho-Carrasco P. Treatment strategy for tibial plateau fractures: an update. EFORT Open Rev 2017; 1 (05) 225-232
17 Zeltser DW, Leopold SS. Classifications in brief: Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471 (02) 371-374
18 Markhardt BK, Gross JM, Monu JUV. Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures: use of CT and MR imaging improves assessment. Radiographics 2009; 29 (02) 585-597
19 Pelser PC. Controversies in the management of tibial plateau fractures. SA Orthop J 2010; 9 (03) 75-82
20 Yacoubian SV, Nevins RT, Sallis JG, Potter HG, Lorich DG. Impact of MRI on treatment plan and fracture classification of tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2002; 16 (09) 632-637
21 Choo KJ, Morshed S. Postoperative complications after repair of tibial plateau fractures. J Knee Surg 2014; 27 (01) 11-19
22 Papagelopoulos PJ, Partsinevelos AA, Themistocleous GS, Mavrogenis AF, Korres DS, Soucacos PN. Complications after tibia plateau fracture surgery. Injury 2006; 37 (06) 475-484
23 Unnikrishnan J. To assess the functional outcome of tibial condyle fractures following open reduction and internal fixation. Int J Orthop Sci 2017; 3: 802-809
24 Fulkerson EW, Egol KA. Timing issues in fracture management: a review of current concepts. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 2009; 67 (01) 58-67
25 Zoubos AB, Galanakos SP, Soucacos PN. Orthopedics and biofilm—what do we know? A review. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18 (06) RA89-RA96
26 Panteli M, Giannoudis PV. Chronic osteomyelitis: what the surgeon needs to know. EFORT Open Rev 2017; 1 (05) 128-135
27 Termaat MF, Raijmakers PGHM, Scholten HJ, Bakker FC, Patka P, Haarman HJ. The accuracy of diagnostic imaging for the assessment of chronic osteomyelitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005; 87 (11) 2464-2471
28 Krettek C, Hawi N, Jagodzinski M. Intracondylar segment osteotomy: correction of intra-articular malalignment after fracture of the tibial plateau [in German]. Unfallchirurg 2013; 116 (05) 413-426
29 Van Nielen DL, Smith CS, Helfet DL, Kloen P. Early revision surgery for tibial plateau non-union and mal-union. HSS J 2017; 13 (01) 81-89
30 Schenker Ml, Mauck Rl, Ahn J. , et al. Post-traumatic arthritis following intra-articular fractures: first hit or chronic overload?. UPOJ 2012; 22: 26-29
31 Mehin R, O'Brien P, Broekhuyse H, Blachut P, Guy P. Endstage arthritis following tibia plateau fractures: average 10-year follow-up. Can J Surg 2012; 55 (02) 87-94
32 Schatzker J, McBroom R, Bruce D. The tibial plateau fracture. The Toronto experience 1968--1975. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1979; (138) 94-104
33 Mattiassich G, Foltin E, Scheurecker G. , et al. Radiographic and clinical results after surgically treated tibial plateau fractures at three and twenty two years postsurgery. Int Orthop 2014; 38 (03) 587-594
34 Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1957; 16 (04) 494-502
35 Weng CJ, Wu CC, Feng KF, Tseng IC, Lee PC, Huang YC. Comparison of supraintercondylar and supracondylar femur fractures treated with condylar buttress plates. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17 (01) 413
36 Link BC, Babst R. Current concepts in fractures of the distal femur. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2012; 79 (01) 11-20
37 Kanakeshwar RB, Kamal CA, Dheenadayalan J. Classification of distal femur fractures and their clinical relevance. Trauma Int 2016; 2: 3-6
38 Yuvarajan P, Kaul R, Maini L. Review of concepts in distal femoral fractures management. Pb J Orthop 2009; 11: 44-48
39 Schatzker J. Supracondylar fractures of the femur (33-A, B, and C). In: Schatzker J, Tile M. , eds. The Rationale of Operative Fracture Care. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2005: 409-439
40 Azam M. Management options and decision making algorithm for distal femur fractures. Trauma Int 2016; 2: 7-12
41 Moore TJ, Watson T, Green SA, Garland DE, Chandler RW. Complications of surgically treated supracondylar fractures of the femur. J Trauma 1987; 27 (04) 402-406
42 Ebraheim NA, Martin A, Sochacki KR, Liu J. Nonunion of distal femoral fractures: a systematic review. Orthop Surg 2013; 5 (01) 46-50
43 Krestan CR, Noske H, Vasilevska V. , et al. MDCT versus digital radiography in the evaluation of bone healing in orthopedic patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 186 (06) 1754-1760
44 Petrie J, Sassoon A, Langford J. Complications of patellar fracture repair: treatment and results. J Knee Surg 2013; 26 (05) 309-312