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Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24(04): 337-354
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708823
Review Article

Quantitative Imaging in Inflammatory Arthritis: Between Tradition and Innovation

Chiara Giraudo 
1   Department of Medicine, DIMED, Radiology Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
,
Franz Kainberger
2   Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
,
Mikael Boesen
3   Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
,
Siegfried Trattnig
4   Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract

Radiologic imaging is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring rheumatic inflammatory diseases. Particularly the emerging approach of precision medicine has increased the interest in quantitative imaging. Extensive research has shown that ultrasound allows a quantification of direct signs such as bone erosions and synovial thickness. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (CT) contribute to the quantitative assessment of secondary signs such as osteoporosis or lean mass loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using different techniques and sequences, permits in-depth evaluations. For instance, the perfusion of the inflamed synovium can be quantified by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging or diffusion-weighted imaging, and cartilage injury can be assessed by mapping (T1ρ, T2). Furthermore, the increased metabolic activity characterizing the inflammatory response can be reliably assessed by hybrid imaging (positron emission tomography [PET]/CT, PET/MRI). Finally, advances in intelligent systems are pushing forward quantitative imaging. Complex mathematical algorithms of lesions' segmentation and advanced pattern recognition are showing promising results.

Keywords

quantitative imaging - inflammatory arthritis - radiology - hybrid imaging


Publication History

Article published online:
29 September 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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