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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2021; 56(03): 405-406
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722592
Carta ao Editor
Ortopedia Pediátrica

Answer to the Letter to the Editor Regarding the Article “Obstetric Paralysis: Who is to Blame? A Systematic Literature Review”

Article in several languages: português | English
José Antonio Galbiatti 
1   Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Marília, Marília, SP, Brasil
,
Fabrício Luz Cardoso 
2   Disciplina de Anatomia Humana, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, Brasil
,
Marília Gabriela Palacio Galbiatti 
3   Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, SP, Brasil
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We appreciate your considerations to the article. Our aim was to debate how the evolving medical knowledge, now supported by the digital revolution, has challenged some long-standing, classic definitions. We discussed data from the former Medical Insurance Association of America, from January 1985 to December 2001, referring to malpractice charges to the birth attendant physician in cases of obstetric paralysis.[1] Since the publication of the study by Jennett et al.,[2] in 1992, we believe that publications from the last 20 years or so have been changing how brachial plexus injury at birth is viewed; in our opinion, this is a better denomination than obstetric paralysis.

Regarding the title, a systematic literature review is defined as a secondary study with the aim of grouping similar studies, published or not. It critically evaluates the methodology of these studies and, whenever possible, includes a statistical analysis, in a so-called meta-analysis. Since it synthesizes data from similar primary studies of relevant scientific quality, it is considered the best level of evidence to make therapeutic decisions and establish medical management strategies.[3] [4]

To avoid an analysis bias in a systematic review, data selection and assessment methods are defined beforehand in a well-defined, rigorous process. Initially, a clinical hypothesis is elaborated to define the focus of the study. Next, a wide literature search is carried out to identify the largest possible number of studies related to the subject. Papers are selected, and then their methodological quality is assessed based on the original study.[5]

Therefore, we partially agree with the criticism regarding the title and classification of our study. The study was called “systematic review of literature”, and not just “systematic review”, because it uses all the elements required to make a classic systematic review, which assesses primary studies, that is, randomized clinical trials, summarizing findings from systematic review articles alone. Thus, we used only outcomes from these systematic reviews that are important for evidence-based medicine, obtained from the primary studies previously evaluated by these reviews. Such (systematic) organization assures the same technical-scientific quality for our study, since several primary studies were indirectly evaluated.

Although systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials are more frequent, there is an increasing number of reviews based on observational investigations, such as case-control, cross-sectional, cohort, report, and case series studies, in addition to qualitative studies and economic assessments.[6] For this reason, we believe in the validity of our study, whose methodolgy contained a detailed explanation of how the study was produced, strictly following the steps of a good systematic review: 1) development of a research hypothesis; 2) active literature search; 3) selection of articles of interest; 4) data extraction; 5) assessment of methodological quality; 6) data synthesis/meta-analysis (the only step not performed in our article); 7) evaluation of the quality of the evidence; and 8) writing and publication of theg findings.[7]

Our review demonstrates a change in the main etiology of obstetric paralysis, removing the high burden of malpractice from the attending physician and his/her team.[8] [9] In addition, we also argue that shoulder dystocia is not the main cause, as previously described.[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

A paradigm shift has been indicated by the literature. For more than 100 years, since Duchenne (1872) and Erb (1874), the person responsible for childbirth was deemed guilty of the obstetric paralysis. Our intention is to review who is to blame, which is certainly not just the doctor or any professional delivering the child.


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Endereço para correspondência

Fabrício Luz Cardoso, MD
Av. Monte Carmel, 800, Fragata, Marília, SP, 17519-030
Brasil   

Publication History

Received: 15 July 2020

Accepted: 16 September 2020

Article published online:
22 March 2021

© 2020. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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