Kurzer, gestörter und unregelmäßiger Schlaf: Die schädlichen Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Stoffwechsel

Zusammenfassung

In unserer modernen 24-Stunden-Gesellschaft zeigt sich ein zunehmender Trend zu verkürztem und unregelmäßigem Schlaf. Parallel hierzu nimmt die Prävalenz des metabolischen Syndroms mit seinen Kernkomponenten Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus stetig zu, wie eine Vielzahl epidemiologischer Arbeiten belegen. Experimentelle kurzzeitige Interventionsstudien weisen auf einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen Schlafdauer und -qualität und Energiemetabolismus hin und haben zugrundeliegende Mechanismen identifiziert. Insbesondere Veränderungen in der neuroendokrinen Regulation des Glukosestoffwechsels, der zirkadianen Rhythmik sowie von Appetit und Essverhalten scheinen die negativen Auswirkungen von unzureichendem Schlaf auf den Energiehaushalt zu vermitteln. Auch wenn langfristige Interventionsstudien bislang fehlen, kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass eine Verbesserung der Schlafhygiene einen attraktiven Ansatz in der Prävention und Therapie metabolischer Erkrankungen darstellt.

Abstract

Our modern 24-hour society shows an increasing trend towards shortened and erratic sleep. A large number of epidemiological studies indicate that in parallel, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its key components, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, is on the rise. Short-term interventional experiments point to a causal relationship between sleep duration and quality and energy metabolism and have identified underlying mechanisms. In particular, changes in the neuroendocrine regulation of glucose metabolism, in circadian rhythmicity as well as in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior are assumed to mediate the detrimental effect of insufficient sleep on energy balance. Although long-term interventional studies are still sparse, existing evidence suggests that improving sleep hygiene represents an attractive approach for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.

Schlüsselwörter

Chronobiologie - zirkadianer Rhythmus - Schlaf - Glukosestoffwechsel - Essverhalten - Adipositas - Diabetes

Keywords

Chronobiology - circadian rhythm - sleep - glucose metabolism - eating behavior - obesity - diabetes

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