Keywords
endoscopy - foramen magnum - meningioma - skull base
Fig. 1 Preoperative (A) axial and (B) sagittal view T1 with gadolinium MRI showing a large anterior foramen magnum meningioma with close relationship with bilateral vertebral arteries. Postoperative (C) axial and (D) sagittal view T1 with gadolinium MRI showing complete tumor removal through an endoscope-assisted midline suboccipital subtonsillar approach. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
Fig. 2 Intraoperative microscopic view: (A) midline posterior view of cerebellar tonsils after dura opening at the foramen magnum level; (B) left-sided and (C) right-sided view of the anterior foramen magnum meningioma with surrounding structures: brainstem, vertebral arteries, lower cranial nerves. (D) Intraoperative endoscopic view showing complete tumor removal from its anterior foramen magnum implant.
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