JAAA CEU Program

The questions below refer to Aazh et al, “Preliminary Examination of the Incidence of and Factors Related to Hearing Tinnitus in Dreams,” pages 76–82.

Learner Outcomes

Readers of this article should be able to:

• Understand the impact tinnitus can have on sleep and quality of life and the systems involved in regulating dreams

• Consider the wide range of subjective reporting and audiological measures required to explore the likelihood of a patient perceiving tinnitus in their dreams

CEU Questions

1. According to research, what percentage of patients are unable to describe what their tinnitus sounds like?

   • 20 percent

   • 35 percent

   • 15 percent

2. Recent studies suggest that insomnia is linked to:

   • Tinnitus loudness and depression

   • Tinnitus handicap, depression, and tinnitus annoyance

   • Tinnitus handicap and anxiety

3. Dreams occur during what stage of the sleep cycle?

   • Rapid eye movement

   • Slow wave sleep

   • Light sleep

4. Sleep is regulated by:

   • The autonomic nervous system

   • The motor nervous system

   • The sensory nervous system

5. The audiological measures used in this study were:

   • Pure tone audiometry, uncomfortable loudness levels, and tympanometry

   • Pure tone audiometry and uncomfortable loudness levels

   • Pure tone audiometry, uncomfortable loudness levels, tympanometry, and acoustic reflex testing

6. An average uncomfortable loudness level across frequencies (ULLmin) of 77dB or below indicated hyperacusis was present, but what ULLmin value indicates severe hyperacusis?

   • 40 or less

   • 50 or less

   • 30 or less

7. During the patients' initial visit to the clinic, they were asked:

   • When you dream, do you ever hear your tinnitus?

   • Have you ever perceived a noise in your dreams?

   • If you dream, have you ever perceived tinnitus in your dreams?

8. The self-report questionnaires used in this study were:

   • Hyperacusis Questionnaire, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire

   • Hyperacusis Questionnaire, Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire, Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Visual Analogue Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire

   • Hyperacusis Questionnaire, Tinnitus Functional Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale

9. What percentage of patients reported perceiving tinnitus in their dreams?

   • 10 percent

   • 8 percent

   • 5 percent

10. For those who did report perceiving tinnitus in their dreams and those who did not, there was a significant difference between:

    • VAS scores for tinnitus loudness and effect of tinnitus on life

    • THI scores and VAS scores for effect of tinnitus on life

    • ISI scores and VAS scores for effect of tinnitus on life

Publication History

Article published online:
28 May 2021