Effects of Cold Stimulation on Mitochondrial Activity and VEGF Expression in vitro

T. Sugasawa; N. Mukai; K. Tamura; T. Tamba; S. Mori; Y. Miyashiro; M. Yamaguchi; S. Nissato; SG. Ra; Y. Yoshida; M. Hoshino; H. Ohmori; Y. Kawakami; K. Takekoshi

doi:10.1055/s-0042-102659

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Table of Contents

Int J Sports Med 2016; 37(10): 766-778
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-102659

Physiology & Biochemistry

Effects of Cold Stimulation on Mitochondrial Activity and VEGF Expression in vitro

T. Sugasawa

¹Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

N. Mukai

²Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

K. Tamura

³Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Department of Health Science, Daito Bunka University, Higashi-matsuyama, Saitama, Japan

,

T. Tamba

³Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Department of Health Science, Daito Bunka University, Higashi-matsuyama, Saitama, Japan

,

S. Mori

¹Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

Y. Miyashiro

⁴Master’s Program in Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

M. Yamaguchi

⁴Master’s Program in Health and Sport Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

S. Nissato

⁵Faculty of Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

SG. Ra

⁵Faculty of Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

Y. Yoshida

¹Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

M. Hoshino

⁶Tsukuba i-Laboratory LLP, Laboratory Examination, Tsukuba, Japan

,

H. Ohmori

²Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

Y. Kawakami

⁵Faculty of Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

,

K. Takekoshi

⁵Faculty of Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

We aimed to clarify the effects of cold stimulation at various temperatures on mitochondrial activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vitro. Human fibroblast, human mesenchymal stem cell, and rat skeletal muscle myoblast cell lines were used. For each cell type, cells were divided into 4 groups and stimulated in various cold temperatures (0, 4, 17 and 25°C) 3 times for 15 min each by placement on crushed ice or floating on cold water set at each temperature. Control cells were subjected to warm water at 37°C. Factors related to mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and VEGF expression were analyzed 24 h after the last cold stimulation. In all cell types, significant increases of factors related to mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were seen in the 4°C and 17°C-stimulated cells compared with control cells. In rat skeletal muscle cells stimulated at 4°C, VEGF expression significantly increased compared to the control cells. Our data suggest that cold stimulation at certain temperatures promotes mitochondrial activity, biogenesis and VEGF expression.

Key words

cryotherapy - mitochondrial activity - fibroblasts - mesenchymal stem cells - myoblasts

Full Text

References

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