Innenohrschwerhörigkeit

Zusammenfasssung

Die Schwerhörigkeit ist einer der häufigsten Behinderungen in der heutigen Zeit, sehr oft wird sie zudem gar nicht erkannt oder von den Betroffenen eingestanden. Etwa ein Viertel der Gesamtbevölkerung aller Industrienationen leidet unter Hörstörungen und ist damit auch in der Kommunikation beeinträchtigt. Demografische Faktoren wie zunehmende Überalterung spielen dabei genauso eine Rolle wie Umwelteinflüsse und zunehmende Lärmbelastung auch und gerade im Freizeitbereich. Damit verschwinden auch die Grenzen zwischen der klassischen Altersschwerhörigkeit, so es sie denn jemals gegeben hat und umweltbedingten Hörminderungen. In aller Regel beginnen Hörminderungen heute wesentlich früher, zugleich werden sie auch früher erkannt. In dieser Übersicht, die natürlich das sehr große Gebiet der Schwerhörigkeit nur fragmentarisch beleuchten kann, sollen vor allem neuere Entwicklungen und Erkenntnisse referiert werden. Im ersten Teil liegt dabei der Schwerpunkt auf neueren Diskussionen zur Diagnostik und den verschiedenen Ätiologien der Innenohrschwerhörigkeit.

Abstract

Hearing loss is one of the most dominant handicaps in modern societies, which additionally very often is not realized or not admitted. About one quarter of the general population suffers from inner ear hearing loss and is therefore restricted in communicational skills. Demographic factors like increasing age play an important role as well as environmental influences and an increasing sound and noise exposure especially in leisure activities. Thus borders between a “classical” presbyacusis – if it ever existed – and envirionmentally induced hearing loss disappear. Today restrictions in hearing ability develop earlier in age but at the same time they are detected and diagnosed earlier. This paper can eventually enlighten the wide field of inner ear hearing loss only fragmentarily; therefore mainly new research, findings and developments are reviewed. The first part discusses new aspects of diagnostics of inner ear hearing loss and different etiologies.

Schlüsselwörter

Innenohrschwerhörigkeit - Prävalenz - Altersschwerhörigkeit - Schwerhörigkeit bei Kindern - Autoimmunschwerhörigkeit - Lärmschwerhörigkeit

Key words

inner ear hearing loss - presbyacusis - prevalence of hearing loss - hearing loss in children - autoimmune hearing loss - noiseinduced hearing loss

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