Endoscopic transpapillary biopsy has been widely performed for the diagnosis of biliary
disease. Direct-vision biliary biopsy using peroral cholangioscopy has been reported
to be very useful [1]
[2]
[3]
[4]. At centers where peroral cholangioscopy is unavailable, biliary biopsy can be performed
under fluoroscopic guidance. It is however sometimes difficult to obtain adequate
biopsy specimens owing to issues with guidance of the biopsy forceps. Hijioka et al.
reported a useful technique for biliary biopsy using mini-forceps with a biliary dilator
[5]. Herein, we report a useful modification of their procedure.
A 70-year-old man with obstructive jaundice due to gallbladder cancer ([Fig. 1]) was referred to our hospital for right-sided hemihepatectomy. Biopsy specimens
from the left biliary duct were needed to determine the extent of liver resection
required. The system of a 7-Fr biliary plastic stent (Flexima; Boston Scientific,
Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) with the stent removed was used to perform the biopsy
([Fig. 2 a]).
Fig. 1 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showing multiple biliary stenoses.
Fig. 2 The equipment used to perform the biliary biopsy. a The system of a 7-Fr biliary plastic stent with the stent removed. b The tip of the outer sheath has a radiopaque marker (black arrow). The mini-forceps
(arrowhead) and guidewire (white arrow) are passed into the sheath together. c The end of the outer sheath with a non-return valve (black arrow).
Without a sphincterotomy having been performed, the system was inserted into the biliary
duct over a guidewire. The guidewire allowed the system to be advanced to the biopsy
site, and the inner sheath assisted passage through the stenotic area. At the biopsy
site, the inner sheath was removed and a mini-forceps (SpyByte; Boston Scientific)
was introduced into the outer sheath, which remained on the guidewire. The tip of
the outer sheath had a radiopaque marker to allow identification of the exact exit
point of the forceps fluoroscopically ([Fig. 2 b]). Furthermore, attachment of a non-return valve (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) to the end
of the sheath ([Fig. 2 c]) allowed contrast medium to be injected into the biliary duct to recognize the exact
biopsy site, without removal of the forceps, and a biopsy was successfully taken ([Fig. 3]; [Video 1]). Finally, the plastic stent was re-mounted on the system and placed at the biliary
stenosis.
Fig. 3 Photomicrograph of a biopsy specimen from the confluence of the main right and left
hepatic ducts showing no malignant findings (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining;
magnification × 40).
Video 1: The technique for biliary biopsy using the system of a plastic stent and
a non-return valve in a patient with gallbladder cancer. Biopsy specimens are obtained
from the confluence of B2 and B3, and the main right and left hepatic ducts.
We believe that this technique would be useful at centers where peroral cholangioscopy
is unavailable.
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