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Int J Angiol 2024; 33(02): 071-075
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782603
Review Article

A Brief Historical Perspective on Pulmonary Embolism

Clinton T. Morgan
1   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
,
Sibu P. Saha
1   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Pulmonary embolism is a major cause of mortality worldwide. In this historical perspective, we aim to provide an overview of the rich medical history surrounding pulmonary embolism. We highlight Virchow's first steps toward understanding the pathophysiology in the 1800s. We see how those insights inspired early attempts at intervention such as surgical pulmonary embolectomy and caval ligation. Those early interventions were refined and ultimately led to the development of inferior vena cava filters, the earliest clinical applications of anticoagulation, and even apparently disparate medical advances such as the successful development of cardiopulmonary bypass. We also see how the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism has evolved from rudimentary monitoring of vitals and symptoms to the development of evermore sophisticated tests such as contrast tomography angiography and echocardiography. Finally, we discuss current approaches to diagnosis, classification, and myriad treatments including anticoagulation, thrombolysis, catheter-directed interventions, surgical embolectomy, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation guided by Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams.

Keywords

pulmonary embolism - Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - embolectomy


Publication History

Article published online:
05 April 2024

© 2024. International College of Angiology. This article is published by Thieme.

Thieme Medical Publishers
333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

 

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