Endoscopy 1999; 31(9): 732-737
DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-80
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

Three-Dimensional (3-D) Video Systems: Bi-Channel or Single-Channel Optics?

P. van Bergen, W. Kunert, G. F. Buess
  • Section for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 December 1999 (online)

Background and Study Aims: This paper presents the results of a comparison between two different three-dimensional (3-D) video systems, one with single-channel optics, the other with bi-channel optics. The latter integrates two lens systems, each transferring one half of the stereoscopic image; the former uses only one lens system, similar to a two-dimensional (2-D) endoscope, which transfers the complete stereoscopic picture.

Material and Methods: In our training centre for minimally invasive surgery, surgeons were involved in basic and advanced laparoscopic courses using both a 2-D system and the two 3-D video systems. They completed analog scale questionnaires in order to record a subjective impression of the relative convenience of operating in 2-D and 3-D vision, and to identify perceived deficiencies in the 3-D system. As an objective test, different experimental tasks were developed, in order to measure performance times and to count pre-defined errors made while using the two 3-D video systems and the 2-D system.

Results and Conclusion: Using the bi-channel optical system, the surgeon has a heightened spatial perception, and can work faster and more safely than with a single-channel system. However, single-channel optics allow the use of an angulated endoscope, and the free rotation of the optics relative to the camera, which is necessary for some operative applications.

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P. van BergenM.D. 

Section for Minimally Invasive Surgery

Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen

Waldhoernlestrasse 22

72072 Tübingen

Germany

Phone: + 49-7071-295569

Email: patrick@van-bergen.de