Zusammenfassung
Die Diagnose der Zöliakie basiert immer noch auf dem histologischen Nachweis von typischen Veränderungen in Biopsaten aus dem Duodenum oder oberen Jejunum. Man weiß heute, dass die Entwicklung der Zöliakieläsion ein dynamischer Prozess ist, der sich histologisch in verschiedenen Läsionstypen präsentieren kann. An einem Ende des Spektrums findet man eine Mukosa mit normaler Architektur und einer Vermehrung der intraepithelialen Lymphozyten (IEL), am anderen Ende ist die flache Schleimhaut. Histologisch sind die Beurteilung der Architektur der Zotten und Krypten, eine Vermehrung der Plasmazellen in der Lamina propria und die Zunahme der Anzahl der IEL differenzialdiagnostisch bedeutend. Für das Monitoring der Patienten ist die exakte Klassifikation der Läsion wichtig. Hier hat sich die Anwendung einer modifizierten Marsh-Klassifikation bewährt. In der folgenden Arbeit werden die histologische Präsentation der Zöliakie, die Marsh-Klassifikation und die wichtigsten Differenzialdiagnosen diskutiert.
Proposals for the histologic diagnosis of celiac disease
The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) is based upon histological findings in duodenal or jejunal biopsies. In the past few years it has turned out that the development of CD lesion in the small bowel is a dynamic process which may present in various histological forms. At one end of the spectrum is a mucosa with normal architecture and an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), at the other end is the classical flat mucosa. Histological features supporting the diagnosis of CD are architectural changes of the villi and/or crypts, an increase in lamina propria cell density and an increase in IEL counts. For diagnostic purposes and for monitoring of CD patients an exact histological classification of the histological findings has to be given. This has become possible by using a modified Marsh classification. In the present paper the histological presentation of CD is presented as well as the modified Marsh classification and the most important differential diagnoses.
Schlüsselwörter
Zöliakie - Marsh - IEL - Zottenatrophie
Key words
Celiac Disease - Marsh - IEL - Villous Atrophy
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Anschrift für die Verfasser
Prof. Dr. Georg Oberhuber
Institut für Klinische Pathologie Universität Wien, Allgemeines Krankenhaus
Währinger Gürtel 18-20
1090 Wien
Österreich
eMail: Georg.Oberhuber@akh-wien.ac.at
