A 44-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse and smoking was receiving follow-up
at our hospital owing to chronic pancreatitis. As he was suffering vague dyspeptic
symptoms, he underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. He had not previously undergone
any form of surgery. The endoscopic examination identified a slightly depressed hyperemic
esophageal lesion, 1.5 cm in diameter, 31 cm distal to the superior dental arcade,
which did not stain on exposure to Lugol’s solution (Figure [1 ]). Histopathological examination of the endoscopic biopsies revealed a superficial
squamous-cell carcinoma, with areas of high-grade dysplasia. The integrity of the
submucosal layer was confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography. Endoscopic mucosectomy
was carried out as a curative treatment, as described in the recent literature [1 ], apparently with initial success. Histopathological examination of the tissue removed
during the mucosectomy showed that the cancer was restricted to the mucosal layer.
Figure 1 A slightly depressed, hyperemic early esophageal cancer. Lugol staining was negative
A check-up endoscopy was carried out three months later; the patient was completely
asymptomatic. The examination revealed a white, regular scar in the area corresponding
to the previous mucosectomy (Figure [2 ]). Biopsies carried out to investigate the scar revealed a foreign body - a piece
of cotton thread 15 cm long (Figure [3 ]).
Figure 2 Check-up endoscopy at the site of the previous mucosectomy
Figure 3 The mucosectomy site after biopsy. Note the cotton thread that was underneath the
reepithelialized mucosa
Foreign bodies in the esophagus are a common problem, mainly in children. Adults are
less likely to swallow undigestible items deliberately, with the exception of a few
groups in which there is clearly a high risk - individuals with psychiatric illness,
abusers of drugs or alcohol (as in this patient), and prison inmates. Esophageal impaction
occurs more frequently in adults when there is pathological narrowing of the esophagus,
as in peptic stricture or distal esophageal ring [2 ]. Cancer is rarely associated with foreign-body impaction [3 ]. It has been reported that mucosectomy may be associated with severe complications
such as hemorrhage or perforation, in approximately 6.8 % of cases. However, a search
of the literature failed to identify any previous reports of cases of reepithelialization
over a foreign body after mucosectomy.