Zusammenfassung
Für diese Übersichtsarbeit wurden ca. 880 zwischen 1955 und 1998 veröffentlichte Artikel, in denen psychosomatische Zusammenhänge in Intensivstationen thematisiert werden, berücksichtigt. Seit 1955 bis heute werden schwerpunktmäßig Patienten und ihre Erkrankungen sowie Angehörige und das Personal untersucht. Die Befunde belegen, dass nur durch die Bereitschaft zum kollegialen Arbeiten Spannungen innerhalb des Teams vermindert werden können; es werden Balintgruppen und Supervisionen empfohlen. Für Krisensituationen wird supportive Psychotherapie vorgeschlagen, um die aktuellen Abwehrmechanismen zu bearbeiten.
Psychosomatic Research in Intensive Care Units - A Systematic Review
After a brief historical introduction the literature that has appeared on psychosomatic research in intensive care units since the middle fifties is reviewed. The main focus in published studies is directed towards subjects like the patients and their specific diseases as fatal illness or coronary heart disease as well as family needs and interpersonal assessment of staff members. Results show the importance of helpful and considerate way of working among staff members to reduce stress. Supervision is recommended and supportive psychotherapy for patients with severe emotional distress are suggested.
Key words
Psychosomatic medicine - Intensive care unit - Distress - Supervision - Supportive psychotherapy
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Dr. med. Elisabeth Fenner
Klinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik
Klinikum der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Niemannsweg 147
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