Zusammenfassung
22 von 156 prospektiv untersuchter Patienten mit klinischen Zeichen einer akuten Hirnstammischämie hatten normale hoch auflösende T1 - und T2 - sowie diffusionsgewichtete Magnetresonanztomographien (MRT). Bei 17 dieser Patienten wurde nach den klinischen Verlaufskriterien ein PRIND oder eine TIA diagnostiziert. 16 dieser 22 Patienten hatte abnorme elektrophysiologische Befunde, vowiegend beim Masseterreflex, der Elektrookulographie und den akustisch evozierten Potenzialen. Bei 8 von 11 im Verlauf untersuchten Patienten fand sich eine Besserung oder vollständige Rückbildung abnormer elektrophysiologischer Befunde. Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen können funktionell relevante Hirnstammläsionen dokumentieren, die sich dem MR-tomographischen Nachweis mittels hoch auflösender T1 - und T2 - sowie diffusionsgewichteter Bildgebung entziehen. Elektrophysiologische Techniken haben trotz der zunehmend verbesserten MR-tomographischen Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten einen unverändert hohen Stellenwert beim Nachweis funktionell relevanter ischämischer Hirnstammläsionen.
Abstract
We analysed the significance of electrophysiologic testing in patients with acute signs of brainstem dysfunction without corresponding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) documented brainstem lesions. High resolution T1 - and T2 -weighted and diffusion weighted MRI was done in 156 consecutive patients with clinical signs of acute brainstem dysfunction. MRI was normal in 22 of these. Seventeen of the 22 patients were diagnosed as TIA (10 patients) or PRIND (7 patients). Abnormal electrophysiologic findings were seen in 16 of these 22 patients mainly affecting the masseter reflex, direct current electro-oculography or brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Re-examinations were done in 11 patients showing improvement or recovery in 8 of them. Electrophysiological testing documents brainstem lesions in almost Ÿ of patients with clinical signs of acute brainstem dysfunction but normal high resolution and diffusion weighted MRI. Although thinner slices and recently developed techniques have increased the sensitivity of MRI in the detection of brainstem lesions, electrophysiological testing remains a useful tool in the detection of brainstem lesions.
Key words
Brainstem reflexes - Magnetic resonance imaging - Brainstem infarction - Brainstem stroke
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Dr. Annette Mika-Grüttner
Neurolog. Univ.-Klinik
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