Zusammenfassung
Die Peritonitis ist eine der häufigsten Komplikationen der chronischen Peritonealdialyse
(CPD). Dieser Artikel liefert Informationen zu Ätiologie, Prognose, Therapie und Prophylaxe
einer CPD-Peritonitis anhand aktueller Literatur. Eingegangen wird auf das Erregerspektrum
und die Bedeutung der Erregerart für die Prognose. Der Einfluss der Behandlungsdauer
auf Peritonitis-Rate, Erregerspektrum und Fortführung der PD-Behandlung wird dargestellt.
Weiterhin werden Variationen der empirischen antibiotischen Therapie am Beispiel Großbritannien
gezeigt und die intraperitoneale Urokinase-Gabe als Therapieansatz diskutiert. Dieser
Übersichtsartikel liefert Informationen über die präoperative antibiotische Prophylaxe
bei Patienten mit neu implantierten PD-Kathetern sowie die prophylaktische Applikation
von Mupirocin-Creme. Berichtet wird über die seltene, jedoch lebensbedrohliche Pilzinfektion.
Abschließend werden Empfehlungen der International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
2000 für adulte Patienten zusammengefasst.
Abstract
Peritonitis is one of the most frequent complications of chronic peritoneal dialysis
(CPD). This review reports on etiology, prognosis, treatment and prophylaxis based
on recent scientific literature. Causative microorganisms and their influence on prognosis
are described. The effect of duration of CPD on rates of peritonitis, spectrum of
organisms and continuation of CPD therapy is analysed. Furthermore, various empirical
treatment regimens with antibiotics as well as the role of intraperitoneal urokinase
in acute peritonitis are demonstrated. Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients
with newly placed peritoneal dialysis catheters and prophylactic application of mupirocin
cream are described. Information about the uncommon, but life-threatening fungal peritonitis
is provided. Additionally, recommendations of the International Society for Peritoneal
Dialysis (2000 update) concerning adult patients are summarized.
Schlüsselwörter
Peritonitis - Übersicht - chronische Peritonealdialyse - Therapie - Prophylaxe - Ätiologie
Key words
Peritonitis - Review - (Chronic) peritoneal dialysis - Therapeutics - Prophylaxis
- Etiology
Literatur
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Dr. med. J. K. Badawi
Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden an der Technischen Universität Dresden,
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie
Fetscherstr. 74
01307 Dresden