Zusammenfassung
Alltagsrelevante perzeptuelle oder motorische Leistungen des zentralen Nervensystems
ebenso wie das subjektive Erleben der Gegenwart setzen die geordnete zeitliche Organisation
von internalen und externalen Informationseinheiten voraus. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen
neuronaler Oszillation und Synchronisation auf der Mikroebene und der Fähigkeit, auf
der Makroebene Ereignisse zeitlich zu ordnen, aufeinander zu beziehen und darauf motorisch
zu reagieren, wird angenommen. Auch bei schizophrenen Psychosen werden seit langem
sowohl Störungen in der Zeitwahrnehmung als auch der sensomotorischen Koordinierung
berichtet. Außerdem konnte bei der Untersuchung der Beurteilung der zeitlichen Ordnung
im visuellen und akustischen Bereich eine signifikante Beeinträchtigung basaler Zeitwahrnehmungsfunktionen
sowohl bei 28 chronischen als auch bei 7 unmedizierten an Schizophrenie Erkrankten
nachgewiesen werden. Die vorliegenden Befunde weisen auf eine fundamentale Störung
der zeitlichen Organisation im Gehirn von Patienten mit schizophrenen Psychosen hin.
Im Kontext mit neurophysiologischen, neurochemischen, neuroanatomischen und neuropsychologischen
Überschneidungen von Schizophrenie und gestörter Zeitwahrnehmung wird der gegenwärtige
Stand der Diskussion hierzu in dieser Arbeit dargestellt.
Abstract
Basic perceptual or motor skills involving the central nervous system as well as the
subjective present require the orderly temporal organization of internal and external
information. Current research in schizophrenia increasingly centers on the accompanying
neurocognitive deficits with frequent reports of altered temporal processes. There
has been, however, less explicit research on the basic phenomenon of temporal order.
Using concrete operationalized neuropsychological procedures the present study addressed
the question whether chronic schizophrenic patients (28 medicated as well as 7 unmedicated)
differ in their ability to correctly judge the temporal order of visual or acoustic
stimuli when compared with a healthy control group (n = 26). Within this context we
found a significant impairment in basal temporal perception among patients. Moderating
variables such as medication, attention deficits or the effects of motivation as an
essential explanatory factor for this finding could be excluded by statistical analysis.
Instead, our findings point to a fundamental disturbance in the temporal coordination
of neuronal network functions in association with schizophrenic psychoses. Within
this context neurophysiological, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and neuropsychological
overlapping of schizophrenia and temporal perception are being presented along with
a discussion of the hypothesis that disturbances in neuronal synchronization and in
timing processes at different levels are of essence and a possible underlying substrate
in the schizophrenic spectrum.
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Der Nervenarzt.
2001;
72
384-390
Priv.-Doz. Dr. D. F. Braus
Postfach 12 21 20
68072 Mannheim
Email: dfbraus@zi-mannheim.de