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DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-36004
Zentrale Effekte von Botulinumtoxin Typ A
Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type APublication History
Publication Date:
09 December 2002 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Der klinische Effekt von Botulinumtoxin A kann hauptsächlich durch die Wirkung auf die neuromuskuläre Synapse erklärt werden. Dennoch wird eine zusätzliche zentrale Wirkung diskutiert. Aus diesem Grund haben wir elf Patienten mit einem Torticollis spasmodicus und drei Patienten mit einem Graphospasmus vor sowie eine und fünf Wochen nach Erstinjektion von Botulinumtoxin A mittels Elektroneurographie und transkranieller Magnetstimulation untersucht. Gemessen wurden die Muskelsummenaktionspotenziale, Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten, kürzeste F-Wellen-Latenzen, F-Wellen-Persistenz von 30 aufeinander folgenden Reizen und motorisch evozierte Potenziale (MEP) von unbehandelten Muskeln beider Seiten (N. ulnaris - M. abductor digiti minimi, N. peroneus - M. tibialis anterior). Die Parameter der M-Antworten und die motorischen Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten zeigten keine signifikanten Veränderungen. Die F-Wellen-Latenzen beider Nerven verlängerten sich leicht eine Woche nach Erstinjektion (t-test, p < 0,05), und erholten sich nach fünf Wochen wieder. Die F-Wellen-Persistenz des rechten N. ulnaris und beider N. peronei war eine Woche nach Behandlung reduziert (t-test, p < 0,05). Die motorische Gesamtleitungszeit und die errechnete periphere Leitzeit des rechten N. ulnaris und beider N. peronei waren eine Woche nach Behandlung verlängert und kehrten nach fünf Wochen zum Ausgangswert zurück (t-test, p < 0,05). Die relative MEP-Amplitude und die motorische Schwelle änderte sich nicht signifikant. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine verminderte Erregbarkeit der α-Motoneurone nicht behandelter Muskeln. Supraspinale Effekte konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin type A can be explained mainly by its action at the neuromuscular junction. However, an additional central effect has also been proposed. Therefore eleven patients with torticollis spasmodicus and three patients with writer's cramp were investigated using electroneurography and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and one and five weeks after first treatment with botulinum toxin type A. We measured compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), motor conduction velocities (MCVs), the shortest (SFL) F-wave latencies, wave persistence of 30 consecutive trials, and motor evoked potentials (MEP) of untreated muscles for each side (ulnar nerve-abductor digiti minimi muscle, peroneal nerve-tibialis anterior muscle). CMAPs and MCVs showed no significant changes. However, SFL for both nerves were prolonged slightly one week after treatment and recovered after five weeks (t-test, p < 0.05). The F-wave persistence was reduced one week after treatment for the right ulnar and both peroneal nerves (t-test, p < 0.05). Total motor conduction time and calculated PCT were increased one week after BoNT/A for the right ulnar and both peroneal nerves and returned to baseline after five weeks (t-test, p < 0.05). Relative MEP amplitude and motor threshold did not change significantly. Our results indicate a decreased excitability of alpha motoneurons supplying untreated muscles. Supraspinal effects could not be detected.
Key words
Botulinum toxin type A - central effects, alpha motoneuron - F-wave - transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Dr. med. Michael de Groot
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie · Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
Liebigstraße 22 a
04103 Leipzig
Email: grootm@medizin.uni-leipzig.de