Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-37258
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Melanoma Metastatic to the Pancreas: Report of Two Cases and Review
Publication History
Submitted: 24 April 2002
Accepted after Revision: 25 July 2002
Publication Date:
13 February 2003 (online)

Malignant melanoma is a neoplasm which originates from melanocytes. Surgical exploration for abdominal metastases of cutaneous melanoma reveals pancreatic metastases in 16 % of patients which is usually accompanied by other intra-abdominal spread. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of primary and metastatic pancreatic masses have already been described. We report the first use of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma metastatic to the pancreas. As our cases illustrate, these lesions may present as either cystic or solid pancreatic masses. Preparation of a cell block from the FNA aspirate and use of immunostaining may help to obtain the diagnosis. Despite thorough examination of the skin and mucous membranes, however, a primary site might not be found in these patients.
References
- 1 Yasuda K, Mukai H, Fujimoto S. et al . The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastrointest Endosc. 1988; 34 1-8
- 2 Bhutani M S, Hawes R H, Baron P L. et al . Utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in the evaluation of pancreatic masses. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995; 90 1599
- 3 Faigel D O, Kochman M L. The role of endoscopic ultrasound in the preoperative staging of pancreatic malignancies. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996; 43 626-628
- 4 Chang K J, Albers C G, Erickson R A. et al . Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994; 89 263-266
- 5 Fritscher-Ravens A, Sriram P V, Krause C. et al . Detection of pancreatic metastases by EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001; 53 65-70
- 6 Turnbull A D, Rosen P P, Goodner J T, Beattie E J. Primary malignant tumors of the esophagus other than typical epidermoid carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 1973; 15 463-473
- 7 Stranks G J, Mathai J T, Rowe-Jones D C. Primary malignant melanoma of the oesophagus: case report and review of surgical pathology. Gut. 1991; 32 828-830
- 8 Sabanathan S, Eng J, Pradhan G N. Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987; 11 46-52
- 9 Gates J, Kane R A, Hartnell G G. Primary biliary tract malignant melanoma. Abdom Imaging. 1996; 21 453-455
- 10 Gupta R, Rathi P M, Sawant P. et al . Endoscopic appearance of primary anorectal melanoma. Endoscopy. 1997; 29 230
- 11 Guzzo M, Grandi C, Licitra L. et al . Mucosal malignant melanoma of head and neck: forty-eight cases treated at Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1993; 19 316-319
- 12 Hatae Y, Kikuchi M, Segawa M, Yonemitsu K. Malignant melanoma of the gallbladder. Pathol Res Pract. 1978; 163 281-287
- 13 Tamura S, Aono R, Onishi S, Hashimoto K. Metastatic malignant melanoma involving the colon. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000; 52 393
- 14 Bender G N, Maglinte D D, McLarney J H. et al . Malignant melanoma: patterns of metastasis to the small bowel, reliability of imaging studies, and clinical relevance. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001; 96 2392-2400
- 15 Lopez-Cantarero Ballesteros M, Fuentes Porcel O, Perez Cabrera B. et al . Melanoma metastasis to the pancreas. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1992; 82 61-62
- 16 Kohler B, Riemann J F. Obstructive jaundice due to an intraductal melanoma metastasis. Endoscopy. 1987; 19 79-80
- 17 Oda I, Kondo H, Yamao T. et al . Metastatic tumors to the stomach: analysis of 54 patients diagnosed at endoscopy and 347 autopsy cases. Endoscopy. 2001; 33 507-510
- 18 Gutman H, Hess K R, Kokotsakis J A. et al . Surgery for abdominal metastases of cutaneous melanoma. World J Surg. 2001; 25 750-758
- 19 Woyke S, Domagala W, Czerniak B, Strokowska M. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of malignant melanoma of the skin. Acta Cytol. 1980; 24 529-538
- 20 Czerniak B, Woyke S, Domagala W, Krzysztolik Z. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of intraocular melanoma. Acta Cytol. 1983; 27 157-165
- 21 Basler G C, Fader D J, Yahanda A. et al . The utility of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of melanoma metastatic to lymph nodes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997; 36 403-408
- 22 Cangiarella J, Symmans W F, Shapiro R L. et al . Aspiration biopsy and the clinical management of patients with malignant melanoma and palpable regional lymph nodes. Cancer. 2000; 90 162-166
- 23 Perry M D, Gore M, Seigler H F, Johnston W W. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of metastatic melanoma. A morphologic analysis of 174 cases. Acta Cytol. 1986; 30 385-396
- 24 Kim K, Booth R, Myles J. Transcutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pancreatic cancer. Int J Pancreatol. 1990; 7 61-69
- 25 Schoengen A, Binder T, Faiss S. et al . Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic malignant melanoma. Improvement of results with ultrasound control. Hautarzt. 1993; 44 703-707
- 26 Voit C, Mayer T, Proebstle T M. et al . Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in the early detection of melanoma metastases. Cancer. 2000; 90 186-193
- 27 Voit C, Mayer T, Proebstle T. et al . Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of unclear lesions in melanoma patients. Ultraschall Med. 2000; 21 218-222
- 28 Yoshikane H, Suzuki T, Yoshioka N. et al . Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus presenting with massive hematemesis. Endoscopy. 1995; 27 397-399
- 29 Namieno T, Koito K, Ambo T. et al . Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography. Am Surg. 1996; 62 716-718
- 30 Kanamoto K, Aoyagi K, Nakamura S. et al . The value of endoscopic ultrasonography in primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc.. 1997; 46 88-89
- 31 Kitamura Y, Sakue M, Nishiyama K. et al . A case of metastatic malignant melanoma mimicking pancreatic pseudocyst. Gan No Rinsho. 1987; 33 748-752
- 32 Bianca A, Carboni N, di Carlo V. et al . Pancreatic malignant melanoma with occult primary lesion. A case report. Pathologica. 1992; 84 531-537
- 33 Rutter J E, de Graaf P W, Kooyman C D. et al . Malignant melanoma of the pancreas: primary tumour or unknown primary?. Eur J Surg. 1994; 160 119-120
- 34 Gown A M, Vogel A M, Hoak D. et al . Monoclonal antibodies specific for melanocytic tumors distinguish subpopulations of melanocytes. Am J Pathol. 1986; 123 195-203
J. M. DeWitt, M.D.
Department of Medicine · Division of Gastroenterology · Indiana University Medical Center
550 N. University Blvd. · UH 4100 · Indianapolis, IN 46202-5121 · USA ·
Fax: + 1-317-278-8144
Email: jodewitt@iupui.edu