Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der Morbus Crohn ist eine chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung, welche in 4 - 8 % der Patienten zu Augenveränderungen führt. Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit Morbus Crohn, der im Rahmen einer assoziierten Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita ein progredientes Hornhautulkus entwickelte. Patient: Ein 26-jähriger Patient mit einem seit 3 Jahren gesicherten Morbus Crohn stellte sich wegen eines Hornhautrandulkus am rechten Auge vor. Die Vorderkammer war tief und reizfrei. Die Fundusuntersuchung war regelrecht. Die Abstriche auf Erreger vom Ulkusgrund zeigten kein Keimwachstum. Der Visus betrug 0,8. Das linke Auge war regelrecht. Weiterhin zeigten sich bullöse Hautveränderungen im Bereich der Arme und Beine. Trotz lokaler Antibiotikatherapie und systemischer immunsuppressiver Therapie mit Tacrolimus, Azathioprin und Methylprednisolon kam es zu einer deutlichen Verschlechterung des Hornhautbefundes. Daher wurde das Hornhautulkus operativ mit einer Amnionmembran gedeckt, welche jedoch innerhalb von wenigen Tagen einschmolz. Es wurden weitere Therapieversuche zunächst mit Amnionmembrandeckung und später mit Bindehautdeckungen vorgenommen. Jedes Mal kam es zur raschen Einschmelzung und Vergrößerung des Ulkus mit Sklerabeteiligung, so dass eine tektonische Sklerokeratoplastik erforderlich war. Histologisch zeigten sich eine starke Verdünnung des Hornhautstromas und eine entzündliche Infiltration von Kornea und Sklera. Schlussfolgerungen: Hornhautkomplikationen bei Patienten mit Morbus Crohn sind im Gegensatz zur Konjunktivitis, Episkleritis und Uveitis sehr selten. Unseres Wissens ist dies der erste Patient mit Morbus Crohn und Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita bei dem es zu einem progredienten Hornhautulkus kam. Inwieweit ein vermuteter Autoimmunprozess im Bereich der Hornhaut in direktem Zusammenhang zum Morbus Crohn oder zur Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita steht, bleibt unklar.
Abstract
Background: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, leading to ocular manifestations in 4 - 8 % of patients. We report on a patient with Crohn's disease, who developed in association with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita a progressive corneal ulcer. Patient: A 26-year old patient with a 3-year history of Crohn's disease presented with a peripheral corneal ulcer of the right eye. The anterior chamber was deep and quiet. Fundus examination was normal. Corneal smears displayed no bacterial growth. Visual acuity of the right eye was 20/25. Examination of the left eye was normal. Furthermore, he had developed cutaneous blisters on the arms and legs. Despite treatment with topical antibiotics and systemic immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus, azathioprine and methylprednisolone the corneal manifestation deteriorated. Therefore, an amniotic membrane was transplanted for treatment of the corneal ulcer; however, this was followed by melting of the amniotic membrane within a few days. Additional therapeutic procedures including further amniotic membrane transplantations and autologous conjunctival grafts have been performed. This was regularly unsuccessful. The corneal ulcer increased in size and extended into the sclera. Therefore a tectonic sclerokeratoplasty was necessary. Histologic examination of the excised corneoscleral tissue revealed an extensive stromal thinning associated with inflammatory infiltration of the cornea and sclera. Conclusions: Corneal complications in patients with Crohn's disease are very rare in contrast to conjunctivitis, episcleritis und uveitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a patient with Crohn's disease and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita developing progressive corneal ulcer. How closely an assumed autoimmune mechanism in the cornea is related to Crohn's disease or epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, is not known.
Schlüsselwörter
Morbus Crohn - Hornhautulkus - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita - Amnionmembran
Key words
Crohn's disease - corneal ulcer - epidermolysis bullosa acquisita - amniotic membrane
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Christoph W. Spraul
Universitäts-Augenklinik Ulm
Prittwitzstraße 43
89075 Ulm
Email: christoph.spraul@medizin.uni-ulm.de