Zusammenfassung
Obwohl intramedulläre Abszesse des Rückenmarks eine seltene Entität darstellen, sollte man sich deren Existenz in der Differentialdiagnose neurologischer Krankheitsbilder bewusst sein. Das Vorliegen eines neurologischen Defizits mit progredienter Querschnittsymptomatik sollte immer Misstrauen erwecken und die Differentialdiagnose einer intramedullären Abszedierung des Rückenmarks in das therapeutische Handeln miteinbeziehen. Die Diagnosesicherung mittels MR-Tomographie und eine rasche chirurgische Sanierung sind für die betroffenen Patienten essentiell, da eine frühzeitige Stellung der Diagnose und schnellstmögliche operative Therapie unabhängig von der Genese des Infektes die entscheidenden prognostischen Faktoren darstellen. Die chirurgische Therapie muss dabei eine dekompressive Laminektomie, eine Myelotomie sowie eine sichere intraoperative Abszessdrainage umfassen. Wir berichten über 2 Patienten, die bereits mit vorliegender Querschnittsymptomatik zur stationären Aufnahme vorgestellt wurden und bei denen MR-tomographisch eine intramedulläre noduläre Raumforderung nachgewiesen werden konnte. In einem Fall wurde bei fehlender akuter Entzündungssymptomatik erst intraoperativ die Diagnose eines intramedullären Abszesses gestellt. Anhand der beiden Fälle soll gemeinsam mit der bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Literatur eine Übersicht über die Pathogenese, die klinische Symptomatik, die Behandlungsstrategie und das zu erwartende therapeutische Outcome der intramedullären Abszesse gegeben werden. Es zeigt sich, dass bei diesem Krankheitsbild nach frühzeitig eingeleiteten adäquaten Therapiemaßnahmen mit einer funktionellen Besserung des bestehenden neurologischen Defizits zu rechnen ist.
Abstract
Although the presence of an intramedullary abscess of the spinal cord is extremely rare, it is most important to be aware of its existence in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases. Existing neurological deficits with progressive symptoms of paraplegia should always be regarded as suspect and a differential diagnosis of an intramedullary abscess of the spinal cord should then be included in the therapeutical regimen. A correct diagnosis using MR-tomography followed by an early surgical treatment strategy are essential for the affected patients, simply because an early diagnosis and an immediate operative intervention represent decisive prognostic factors independent from the cause of infection. Surgical intervention must include a decompressive laminectomy, a myelotomy, and also a secure intraoperative abscess drainage. In this analysis two patients will be reported on, both of whom were already showing symptoms of paraplegia at the time they were admitted to hospital. In both cases MR-tomographically an intramedullary nodulary lesion of the spinal cord could be detected. However, due to a complete lack of any acute symptoms of inflammatory reaction in one patient, an intramedullary abscess was not actually diagnosed before surgical treatment was performed. These two cases, together with existing scientific literature, aim to present an overview of the pathogenesis, the clinical symptomatology, the treatment strategy, and the expectable therapeutical outcome of an intramedullary abscess formation. It will be shown that by treating this disease as early as possible using adequate therapeutic interventions a functional improvement of the resulting neurological symptoms can be expected.
Schlüsselwörter
Intramedullärer Abszess des Rückenmarks - Neoplasie des Rückenmarks - Kernspintomographie
Key words
Intramedullary spinal cord abscess - spinal cord neoplasm - magnetic resonance imaging
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Dr. med. Stefan A. Esenwein
Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil · Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum · Chirurgische Klinik mit Poliklinik
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