Bedeutung glutamaterger Mechanismen für die Alkoholabhängigkeit - Ergebnisse genetischer, molekularbiologischer und neuropharmakologischer Studien

Zusammenfassung

Zahlreiche präklinische und klinische Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass das Glutamatsystem und im Besonderen NMDA-Rezeptoren nicht nur für zahlreiche neuropsychiatrische Folgeschäden des Alkoholismus, sondern auch für zentrale Suchtmechanismen wie zum Beispiel Craving oder das Suchtgedächtnis insgesamt von Relevanz sind. Dafür sprechen nicht nur genetische und molekularbiologische, sondern auch neuere neuropharmakologische Untersuchungen. NMDA-Modulatoren und -Antagonisten haben sich in der pharmakogestützten Rückfallprophylaxe der Alkoholabhängigkeit als wirksame Substanzen erwiesen und zum Teil schon Einzug in die Klinik gehalten. Von einem besseren Verständnis der glutamatergen Mechanismen bei der Alkoholabhängigkeit profitiert nicht nur die Grundlagen- sondern auch die Therapieforschung.

Abstract

A number of preclinical and clinical findings suggest that the glutamate system, especially NMDA-receptors has a major function in neuropsychiatric disorders related to chronic alcoholism. Other findings suggest, that glutamatergic mechanisms may also play a role for the addictive process itself including craving and addiction memory. A number of genetic and molecular-biological findings and more recent neuropharmacological studies point in this direction. NMDA-modulators and antagonists have been found to be possible or even clinically effective so called anti-craving-drugs. A better understanding of the glutamatergic mechanisms in alcohol dependence may therefore also be of relevance for the development of new anti-craving-drugs and therapy-research.

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