Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Bisher existieren für den deutschen Sprachraum kaum Daten zur Kosteneffektivität
der Kataraktchirurgie, weshalb in dieser Studie im Rahmen einer Metaanalyse der postoperative
Visusanstieg als Nutzenparameter nebst Nachstarraten als häufigste Komplikation einerseits
sowie die für den Eingriff aufgewandten Kosten aus Perspektive der Leistungserstatter
andererseits gegenübergestellt werden sollten. Material und Methoden: Anhand der Literaturdatenbank MEDLINE wurden für den Zeitraum 1995 - 2002 Metaanalysen
bezüglich des erreichten Visusanstiegs sowie der in einem Zeitraum von 5 Jahren nach
Operation aufgetretenen Nachstarraten nach Kataraktchirurgie mit anschließender Implantation
monofokaler Hinterkammerlinsen erhoben. Zur Schätzung der direkten Kosten aus Erstatterperspektive
wurden die aktuellen, nach der BPflV gültigen Fallpauschalen eingebracht. Primärer
Endpunkt der Untersuchung war das inkrementelle Kosten-Effektivitäts-Verhältnis der
direkten Kosten für den Eingriff gegenüber dem dadurch erreichten Visusgewinn ausgedrückt
über das ICER (incremental cost effectiveness ratio) dieses Eingriffs. Ergebnisse: In die Metaanalyse bezüglich des visuellen Outcomes nach Kataraktchirurgie konnten
51 Studien aufgenommen werden, bei welchen eine mediane Visusverbesserung um 5,2 Visusstufen
(Interquartilabstand 3,6 - 8,0 Stufen) auf einen medianen postoperativen Visus von
0,8 zu beobachten war. Die in der Metaanalyse ermittelte Nachstarrate lag im Median
bei 24 % (Interquartilabstand 10 - 34 %). Unter Berücksichtigung der gültigen Fallpauschalen
der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen resultieren daraus für die Kataraktchirurgie mediane
inkrementelle Kosten von 223,25 € pro gewonnener Visusstufe. Schlussfolgerung: Die Versorgung eines Kataraktpatienten mit einer monofokalen Intraokularlinse bedeutet
mediane inkrementelle Kosten von etwa 223 € für die Krankenkassen und liefert einen
im Median postoperativ erreichten Visus von 0,8. In diesem Sinne kann der Kataraktchirurgie
verglichen mit anderen ambulanten ophthalmochirurgischen Eingriffen ein sehr gutes
Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnis attestiert werden.
Abstract
Background: Data on the cost effectiveness of cataract surgery with respect to the German statutory
health insurance system are hardly available. Hence the increase in visual acuity
as primary efficacy endpoint, order of posterior capsule opacification as primary
complication endpoint and direct cost for supplementation with monofocal intraocular
lenses have been assessed via meta-analyses to evaluate the procedure's cost effectiveness
from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance system. Material and methods: Using the medical internet database MEDLINE two meta-analyses on publications between
1995 and 2002 were carried out, one estimating the gained increase in visual acuity,
the second to estimate the frequency of posterior capsule opacification 5 years after
implantation of a monofocal lens. To estimate the direct cost of German health insurances
current reimbursement rates were used. The primary objective of this investigation
was the individual incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) linking the direct
cost with the cataract surgery-associated increase in visual acuity. Results: 51 studies were included in the metaanalyses regarding the increase in visual acuity
after cataract surgery. The median increase in visual acuity was about 5 visual units
(interquartile range 3.6 - 8.0 units) reaching a median postoperative visual acuity
of 0.8. The median incidence rate of posterior capsule opacification during the observed
period of 5 years was estimated 24 % (10 - 34 %). Computation of the current reimbursement
rates of German health insurances resulted in a median incremental cost of 223.25
€ per gained visual unit. Conclusion: Providing of cataract patients with monofocal intraocular lenses means median incremental
costs of about 223 € to be refunded by the health insurances and is associated with
a median visual acuity outcome of 0.8. Therefore the cost effectiveness of cataract
surgery can be regarded quite encouraging compared to the outcome of other ophthalmological
outpatient surgery.
Schlüsselwörter
Kataraktchirurgie - Visusanstieg - monofokale Linsen - Nachstar - Kosteneffektivität
Key words
Cataract surgery - gain in visual acuity - monofocal lenses - cost effectiveness -
posterior capsule opacification
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HD Dr. Frank Krummenauer
Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik
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