Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Die präoperative Chemotherapie hat sich bei der Behandlung größerer Mammakarzinome etabliert. Der Einfluss der präoperativen Therapie auf die Tumorzelldissemination wurde bislang nicht untersucht. In dieser Studie wurde die Tumorzelldissemination vor und nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie evaluiert. Darüber hinaus wurde die prognostische Wertigkeit der Tumorzelldissemination nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie analysiert.
Patientinnen und Methodik
140 Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Mammakarzinom (Tumorgröße über 3 cm und ungünstiges Tumorgröße-Brustvolumen-Verhältnis) erhielten eine neoadjuvante Chemotherapie (Epirubicin 90 mg/m2 und Cyclophosphamid 600 mg/m2 alle 3 Wochen, 3 bis 4 Zyklen). Bei allen Patientinnen wurde eine Knochenmarkaspiration nach der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie durchgeführt. Bei 42 Patientinnen fand eine Knochenmarkaspiration sowohl vor als auch nach präoperativer Chemotherapie statt.
Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wiesen 68 von 140 Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom (49 %) nach Beendigung der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie Tumorzellen im Knochenmark auf. Die Tumorzelldetektion errechnete sich als ein unabhängiger Prognosefaktor bezüglich des metastasenfreien Intervalls (p = 0,022; RR = 2,63) und des Gesamtüberlebens (p = 0,032; RR = 2,23). Bei 20 (von 42) Patientinnen konnten Tumorzellen im Knochenmark sowohl vor als auch nach der Chemotherapie nachgewiesen werden. 18 Patientinnen waren sowohl vor als auch nach Ende der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie ohne Nachweis von Tumorzellen. Lediglich bei 4 Patientinnen kam es zu einer Änderung der Tumorzelldissemination unter neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie.
Schlussfolgerung
Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Tumorzelldissemination von der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie nicht entscheidend beeinflusst wird. Es bleibt offen, ob die neoadjuvante Chemotherapie das metastatische Potenzial der disseminierten Tumorzellen ändert. Der Nachweis von Tumorzellen im Knochenmark bleibt auch nach präoperativer Chemotherapie ein unabhängiger Prognosefaktor.
Abstract
Purpose
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (pCHT) is an established method to reduce tumor size (downstaging) in breast cancer patients before performing breast conserving therapy. The consequences of pCHT on tumor cell dissemination (TCD) in these patients are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor cell dissemination before and after pCHT in breast cancer patients. In addition, the prognostic value of TCD after pCHT was studied.
Patients and Methods
140 women with non-inflammatory, locally advanced breast cancer (tumor size > 3 cm and an unfavorable relation between breast and tumor size) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Epirubicin/Cyclophosphamide (90/600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 4 cycles). In all patients bilateral aspiration of bone marrow was performed at the time of surgery (after neoadjuvant chemotherapy). In 42 of the 140 patients additional bone marrow aspirations were taken before neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Results
68 of 140 (49 %) breast cancer patients had disseminated tumor cells (TCD) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. TCD was an independent prognostic factor for disease free intervals (p = 0.022, RR = 2.63) and overall survival (p = 0.032, RR = 2.23). 20 of 42 patients had disseminated tumor cells before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In contrast, 18 patients had no tumor cell dissemination during neoadjuvant treatment. Four patients had a change of their bone marrow status.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that TCD is not influenced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and remains an independent prognostic factor after pCHT. However, future studies will need to investigate whether neoadjuvant therapy changes the metastatic behaviour of TCD.
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Dr. med. Erich-Franz Solomayer
Universitäts-Frauenklinik Tübingen
Calwerstraße 7
72076 Tübingen
Email: erich.solomayer@med.uni-tuebingen.de