Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Evozierte Potenziale nach Stimulation der Trigeminusäste mittels Oberflächenelektroden und Ableitungen über dem kontralateralen Gesichtsareal wurden bei 20 Patienten mit idiopathischer Trigeminusneuralgie durchgeführt. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung war zu erfassen, ob bei Patienten mit Trigeminusneuralgie Veränderungen der Trigeminus-evozierten Potenziale (TEP) messbar sind und ob die mikrovaskuläre Dekompression des Nerven im Kleinhirnbrückenwinkel einen Einfluss auf die Potenziale hat. Methodik: Die TEP wurden anhand der Aufnahmezeiten in zwei Gruppen unterteilt. Potenziale innerhalb der ersten zehn Millisekunden (ms) nach Stimulation wurden als frühe (short-latency potentials) und nach 10 - 100 ms als späte Potenziale (long-latency potentials) bezeichnet. Ergebnisse: Innerhalb der ersten zehn Millisekunden konnten die Potenziale N1, P2, N3, P5, N6, P8 und N9 identifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus fanden sich die Potenziale N13, P20, N27, P31, N37, P44, N55, P65 und N90 im Aufnahmezeitraum bis 100 Millisekunden. Präoperativ bestand ein signifikanter Unterschied in der Latenz der Potenziale N3 und P5 in den betroffenen Nervenästen (p < 0,01). Postoperativ, nach chirurgischer Dekompression des Nerven im Kleinhirnbrückenwinkel, normalisierte sich die Latenz der Potenziale wieder. In den späten Potenzialen finden sich keine Unterschiede in den prä- und postoperativen Messungen. Die Latenzen sind den in der Literatur angegebenen vergleichbar. Zusammenfassung: Die frühen Trigeminus-evozierten Potenziale der betroffenen Nervenäste bei Patienten mit Trigeminusneuralgie weisen signifikante Unterschiede auf. Die Normalisierung nach chirurgischer Dekompression kann zur Erklärung der neurovaskulären Kompressionstheorie herangezogen werden.
Abstract
Introduction: Evoked potentials after superficial stimulation of the trigeminal nerve branches and contralateral recording over the postcentral facial area were performed in 20 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. The aim of this study was to detect if there are changes in the trigeminal evoked potentials (TEP) in these patients and if microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve in the parapontine angle alters the potentials. Methods: The TEP were divided in two groups according to the recording time. Potentials in the first ten milliseconds (ms) after stimulus were called short-latency potentials and those after ten ms to hundred ms long-latency potentials. Results: In the first ten ms the potentials N1, P2, N3, P5, N6, P8 and N9 could be recorded. N13, P20, N27, P31, N37, P44, N55, P65 and N90 could be identified as long-latency potentials. In the preoperative recordings a significant difference concerning the latency of the potentials N3 and P5 could be found in the involved nerve branches (p < 0.01). Postoperatively, after surgical neurovascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone, the latency of these potentials was normalized. No significant differences were detected in the recordings of the long-latency potentials and the latencies are comparable with those stated in the literature. Conclusion: The short-latency potentials of the involved nerve branches in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia show significant differences. Normalisation of these potentials can help to explain the theory of neurovascular compression and decompression.
Key words
Trigeminal neuralgia - microvascular decompression - trigeminal-evoked potentials - neurophysiological monitoring
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Dr. med. Dirk Rasche
Neurochirurgische Klinik · Universität Heidelberg
Im Neuenheimer Feld 400
69120 Heidelberg
Email: dirk_rasche@med.uni-heidelberg.de